Dere Shubhangi Sambhaji, Varotariya Jagdish K, Ghildiyal Rakesh P, Sharma Sunil A, Kaur Darpan Mohinder Singh
Department of Psychiatry, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Ind Psychiatry J. 2019 Jul-Dec;28(2):255-261. doi: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_66_19. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Pregnancy is a developmental period demanding special adjustments. Psychologically, pregnancy can be associated with positive preparedness in some and fear of childbirth or doubts of mothering role in others. Anxiety and depression during pregnancy can have negative implications on its outcome. The current study aims to provide insight into factors influencing maternal preparedness for motherhood.
Hundred first time pregnant women were enrolled after written informed consent and ethical approval. The Pregnancy Experiences Scale-Brief Version was used to study maternal rating of uplifts and hassles experiences specific to pregnancy, indicating affective valence toward the pregnancy. Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-R) helped to identify pregnancy-specific anxiety and depressive symptoms were screened using Whooley's Questions. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 15.30 (170107).
The mean age of the women was 23.1 years. More than half of the pregnancies were unplanned, and the mean duration of pregnancy was 6.8 months. The positive experience was reported more than a negative experience. Negative valence increased in the presence of psychosocial stressors. On PRAQ-R, anxiety symptoms were reported by 52% of the patients, especially high on the domain of "fear of giving birth" and increased with trimester. Depressive symptoms were reported by 23% of the women.
Advanced gestation, presence of stressors, past psychiatric illness, ANC complications, and the presence of anxiety/depression influence maternal preparedness for motherhood. There is a need of sensitizing the doctors, nurses, health-care workers, and relatives regarding screening, referral of unmet psychological needs of pregnant women to help new mothers to adjust with their motherhood positively.
孕期是一个需要特殊调适的发育阶段。在心理方面，有些孕妇对怀孕持积极的准备态度，而另一些孕妇则害怕分娩或对母亲角色心存疑虑。孕期的焦虑和抑郁可能会对妊娠结局产生负面影响。本研究旨在深入了解影响母亲为母准备状态的因素。
在获得书面知情同意并通过伦理审批后，招募了100名初产妇。使用《孕期经历量表简版》来研究孕妇对孕期特定的愉悦和困扰经历的评分，这表明了对怀孕的情感效价。《孕期相关焦虑问卷（PRAQ - R）》有助于识别特定于怀孕的焦虑，使用Whooley问题筛查抑郁症状。数据使用Microsoft Excel 15.30（170107）进行分析。
这些女性的平均年龄为23.1岁。超过一半的妊娠是意外怀孕，平均孕期为6.8个月。报告的积极经历多于消极经历。在存在心理社会压力源的情况下，负性效价增加。在PRAQ - R上，52%的患者报告有焦虑症状，尤其是在“害怕分娩”领域得分较高，且随孕期增加而升高。23%的女性报告有抑郁症状。
孕周增加、存在压力源、既往精神疾病史、产前检查并发症以及焦虑/抑郁的存在会影响母亲为母的准备状态。需要提高医生、护士、医护人员和亲属对筛查的认识，将孕妇未满足的心理需求转诊，以帮助新妈妈积极适应母亲角色。
