Touch Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2011 Feb;34(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.09.008.
This review of recent research on prenatal depression suggests that it is a strong predictor of postpartum depression and is more common than postpartum depression. Prenatal depression has been associated with excessive activity and growth delays in the fetus as well as prematurity, low birthweight, disorganized sleep and less responsiveness to stimulation in the neonate. Infants of depressed mothers have difficult temperament, and later in development attentional, emotional and behavioral problems have been noted during childhood and adolescence, as well as chronic illnesses in adulthood. Several variables have confounded the effects of prenatal depression including comorbid anxiety and anger as well as stressful life events. Potential mediating variables are low prenatal maternal dopamine and serotonin levels and elevated cortisol and norepinephrine. The associated intrauterine artery resistance may limit blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Some studies also suggest the heritability of developmental problems for the children of prenatally depressed mothers, including ADHD and antisocial behavior. Multivariate, longitudinal research is needed to disentangle these confounding and mediating variables.
这篇关于产前抑郁症的最新研究综述表明，它是产后抑郁症的一个强有力的预测指标，而且比产后抑郁症更为常见。产前抑郁症与胎儿过度活动和生长迟缓、早产、低出生体重、睡眠紊乱以及新生儿对刺激的反应性降低有关。抑郁母亲的婴儿气质较差，在发育后期，儿童和青少年期注意、情绪和行为问题以及成年期的慢性疾病也时有发生。一些变量使产前抑郁症的影响变得复杂，包括共病焦虑和愤怒以及生活压力事件。潜在的中介变量是低产前母体多巴胺和 5-羟色胺水平以及升高的皮质醇和去甲肾上腺素。相关的子宫内动脉阻力可能会限制胎儿的血液流动、氧气和营养供应。一些研究还表明，产前抑郁母亲的孩子存在发育问题的遗传易感性，包括 ADHD 和反社会行为。需要进行多变量、纵向研究来厘清这些混杂和中介变量。
