因工作场所欺凌经历而寻求治疗常见精神障碍的患者的临床特征。
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Seeking Treatment for Common Mental Disorders Presenting With Workplace Bullying Experiences.
作者信息
Aarestad Sarah Helene, Einarsen Ståle Valvatne, Hjemdal Odin, Gjengedal Ragne G H, Osnes Kåre, Sandin Kenneth, Hannisdal Marit, Bjørndal Marianne Tranberg, Harris Anette
机构信息
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 5;11:583324. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.583324. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Targets of workplace bullying tend to develop severe mental health complaints, having increased risk of sick leave and expulsion from the workplace. Hence, these individuals are likely to be overrepresented among patients seeking treatment for common mental disorders (CMD). This study investigated the prevalence of exposure to workplace bullying in a patient group seeking treatment for CMD. Further we explored if exposed and non-exposed patients differed on clinical and work-related characteristics.
METHODS
The sample comprised of 675 patients from an outpatient clinic in Norway and consisted of 70% women and had a mean age of 39 ( = 10.5) years. The study had a cross-sectional design and differences between the patient groups were analysed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney -tests and independent sample -tests.
RESULTS
The prevalence of exposure to bullying was 25.8%. The patients exposed to bullying reported significantly more major depressive disorders (MDDs) measured with the MINI psychiatric interview, higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, subjective health complaints, alcohol use, and lower resilience as measured with questionnaires. Twice as many were on full-time sick leave, reported lower work ability, lower return to work self-efficacy, and lower job satisfaction. A majority preferred another job than the one they have today over returning to their current employment.
CONCLUSION
Victims of workplace bullying are a vulnerable group at risk of expulsion from working life, being overrepresented among patients seeking mental health treatment for CMD. One in four patients represented with such experience have higher levels of psychological symptoms and are more often diagnosed with depression as compared to other patients. Thus, this is a problem that should be addressed in clinical settings. If not addressed there is an increased risk of sick leave and permanent exclusion from working life.
背景
职场霸凌的受害者往往会出现严重的心理健康问题，病假风险增加，甚至可能被开除。因此，在寻求常见精神障碍（CMD）治疗的患者中，这类人可能占比过高。本研究调查了寻求CMD治疗的患者群体中遭受职场霸凌的比例。此外，我们还探讨了遭受霸凌和未遭受霸凌的患者在临床和工作相关特征上是否存在差异。
方法
样本包括来自挪威一家门诊诊所的675名患者，其中70%为女性，平均年龄为39岁（标准差=10.5）。该研究采用横断面设计，使用卡方检验、曼-惠特尼U检验和独立样本t检验分析患者组之间的差异。
结果
遭受霸凌的比例为25.8%。通过MINI精神科访谈测量，遭受霸凌的患者报告患有更多的重度抑郁症（MDD），问卷测量显示其抑郁症状、焦虑症状、主观健康问题、酒精使用水平更高，心理韧性更低。全职病假的人数是未遭受霸凌者的两倍，他们报告工作能力较低、重返工作的自我效能较低、工作满意度较低。大多数人更愿意换一份工作，而不是回到目前的工作岗位。
结论
职场霸凌的受害者是一个弱势群体，面临着被工作生活淘汰的风险，在寻求CMD心理健康治疗的患者中占比过高。与其他患者相比，每四名有此类经历的患者中就有一人心理症状水平更高，更常被诊断为抑郁症。因此，这是一个在临床环境中应予以解决的问题。如果不加以解决，病假风险和被工作生活永久排斥的风险将会增加。
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