Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Nov 8;2020:5352427. doi: 10.1155/2020/5352427. eCollection 2020.
Zoxamide, a class IV hazardous fungicide, is perilous for the environment due to its highly persistent nature. Up till the current date, there are no reports on the biodegradation of zoxamide. The scarcity of knowledge in this domain led to the present research to evaluate the biodegradation of this benzamide fungicide by three bacterial strains, (EC) (SPy), and (SP). Biotransformation of zoxamide was scrutinized in nutrient broth assemblies for a period of 28 days followed by UV-visible spectrophotometer and GC-MS analysis of the metabolites. The results exhibited a low to medium biodegradation potential of the bacterial cells to metabolize zoxamide. The highest biotransformation percentage was observed by to be 29.8%. The order of half-life calculated for the degradation results was EC (42.5) < SPy (58.7) < SP (67.9) days. GC-MS analysis indicated the formation of several metabolites including, 2-(3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-4H-1,3-oxazin-5(6H)-one, 3,5-dichloro-N-(3-hydroxy-1-ethyl-1-methyl--2-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide and 3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzamide. The research could influence the biotreatment strategies for the environmentally friendly eradication of xenobiotics.
唑酰胺是一种 IV 类危险杀真菌剂，由于其高度持久性，对环境具有危害性。截至目前，尚无关于唑酰胺生物降解的报道。由于该领域知识的匮乏，开展了本研究，以评估三种细菌菌株（EC）（SPy）和（SP）对该苯甲酰胺杀真菌剂的生物降解作用。在营养肉汤中培养 28 天后，通过 UV-可见分光光度计和 GC-MS 对代谢物进行分析，研究了唑酰胺的生物转化情况。结果表明，细菌细胞对唑酰胺的代谢具有低到中等的生物降解潜力。观察到的最高生物转化百分比为 29.8%，由 EC（42.5）<SPy（58.7）<SP（67.9）天计算得出的半衰期降解结果的顺序。GC-MS 分析表明形成了几种代谢物，包括 2-(3,5-二氯-4-甲基苯基）-4-乙基-4-甲基-4H-1,3-恶嗪-5(6H)-酮、3,5-二氯-N-(3-羟基-1-乙基-1-甲基-2-氧代丙基）-4-甲基苯甲酰胺和 3,5-二氯-4-甲基苯甲酰胺。该研究可能会影响生物处理策略，以实现对环境友好的外来化合物的消除。
