Micek Hannah M, Visetsouk Mike R, Masters Kristyn S, Kreeger Pamela K
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
iScience. 2020 Oct 27;23(11):101742. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101742. eCollection 2020 Nov 20.
Clinical evidence supports a role for the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer risk and prognosis across multiple tumor types, and numerous studies have demonstrated that individual ECM components impact key hallmarks of tumor progression (e.g., proliferation, migration, angiogenesis). However, the ECM is a complex network of fibrillar proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans that undergoes dramatic changes in composition and organization during tumor development. In this review, we will highlight how engineering approaches can be used to examine the impact of changes in tissue architecture, ECM composition (i.e., identity and levels of individual ECM components), and cellular- and tissue-level mechanics on tumor progression. In addition, we will discuss recently developed methods to model the ECM that have not yet been applied to the study of cancer.
临床证据支持细胞外基质（ECM）在多种肿瘤类型的癌症风险和预后中发挥作用，并且大量研究表明，单个ECM成分会影响肿瘤进展的关键特征（例如增殖、迁移、血管生成）。然而，ECM是一个由纤维状蛋白质、糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖组成的复杂网络，在肿瘤发展过程中其组成和组织会发生显著变化。在本综述中，我们将重点介绍如何利用工程方法来研究组织结构变化、ECM组成（即单个ECM成分的特性和水平）以及细胞和组织水平的力学对肿瘤进展的影响。此外，我们还将讨论最近开发的用于模拟ECM的方法，这些方法尚未应用于癌症研究。
