Vogt Nadine A, Pearl David L, Taboada Eduardo N, Mutschall Steven K, Bondo Kristin J, Jardine Claire M
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2021 Feb;68(1):19-28. doi: 10.1111/zph.12786. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Sources of infection are often difficult to identify, and are, generally, poorly understood. Recent work suggests that wildlife may represent a source of Campylobacter for human infections. Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, raccoons were trapped on five swine farms and five conservation areas in southern Ontario from 2011 to 2013. Our objectives were to: (a) assess the impact of seasonal, climatic, location, annual and raccoon demographic factors on the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in these animals; and (b) identify clusters of C. jejuni in space, time and space-time using spatial scan statistics. Multi-level multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the odds of isolating C. jejuni, with site and animal modelled as random intercepts. The following independent variables were examined: raccoon age and sex, year, location type, season, temperature and rainfall. A total of 1,096 samples were obtained from 627 raccoons; 46.3% were positive for C. jejuni. The following interactions and their main effects were significant (p < .05) and retained in the final model: season × temperature, year × rainfall, year × temperature. Based on the results from our multivariable model and spatial scan statistics, climatic variables (i.e. rainfall, temperature and season) were associated with the carriage of C. jejuni by raccoons, but the effects were not consistent, and varied by location and year. Although raccoons may pose a zoonotic risk due to their carriage of Campylobacter, further work is required to characterize the transmission and movement of this microorganism within the ecosystem.
弯曲杆菌是全球人类食源性疾病的主要病因。感染源往往难以确定，而且总体上了解甚少。最近的研究表明，野生动物可能是人类感染弯曲杆菌的一个来源。采用重复横断面研究设计，于2011年至2013年在安大略省南部的五个养猪场和五个保护区诱捕浣熊。我们的目标是：(a)评估季节、气候、地点、年份和浣熊种群统计学因素对这些动物空肠弯曲菌感染情况的影响；(b)使用空间扫描统计方法在空间、时间和时空上识别空肠弯曲菌聚集区。采用多水平多变量逻辑回归分析来检验分离空肠弯曲菌的几率，并将地点和动物作为随机截距进行建模。研究了以下自变量：浣熊的年龄和性别、年份、地点类型、季节、温度和降雨量。共从627只浣熊身上采集了1096份样本；46.3%的样本空肠弯曲菌呈阳性。以下相互作用及其主要效应具有显著意义（p< .05）并保留在最终模型中：季节×温度、年份×降雨量、年份×温度。根据我们多变量模型和空间扫描统计的结果，气候变量（即降雨量、温度和季节）与浣熊携带空肠弯曲菌有关，但影响并不一致，且因地点和年份而异。尽管浣熊因携带弯曲杆菌可能构成人畜共患病风险，但仍需进一步研究来描述这种微生物在生态系统中的传播和移动情况。
