Erthal Luiza C S, Gobbo Oliviero L, Ruiz-Hernandez Eduardo
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Acta Biomater. 2021 Feb;121:89-102. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.030. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
The treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has not changed for more than 20 years while the prognosis for the patients is still poor and most of them survive less than 1 year after diagnosis. The standard of care for GBM is comprised of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and oral chemotherapy with temozolomide. The placement of carmustine wafers in the brain after tumour removal is added in cases of recurrent glioma. Significant research is underway to improve the GBM therapy outcome and patient quality of life. Biomaterials are in the front line of the research focus for new treatment options. Specially, biocompatible polymers have been proposed in hydrogel-based formulations aiming at injectable and localized therapies. These formulations can comprise many different pharmacological agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs, nanoparticles, cells, nucleic acids, and diagnostic agents. In this manuscript, we review the most recent formulations developed and tested both in vitro and in vivo using different types of hydrogels. Firstly, we describe three common types of thermo-responsive polymers addressing the advantages and drawbacks of their formulations. Then, we focus on formulations specifically developed for GBM treatment.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的治疗方法20多年来一直没有改变，而患者的预后仍然很差，大多数患者在诊断后存活时间不到1年。GBM的标准治疗包括手术切除，随后进行放疗以及口服替莫唑胺化疗。对于复发性胶质瘤患者，在肿瘤切除后会在脑内放置卡莫司汀晶片。目前正在进行大量研究以改善GBM的治疗效果和患者生活质量。生物材料处于新治疗方案研究重点的前沿。特别是，已经提出了基于水凝胶的配方中的生物相容性聚合物，旨在实现可注射和局部治疗。这些配方可以包含许多不同的药剂，如化疗药物、纳米颗粒、细胞、核酸和诊断剂。在本手稿中，我们回顾了使用不同类型水凝胶在体外和体内开发和测试的最新配方。首先，我们描述了三种常见的热响应聚合物，阐述了其配方的优缺点。然后，我们重点关注专门为GBM治疗开发的配方。
