Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 19;12(11):3549. doi: 10.3390/nu12113549.
Although multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometabolic diseases and CKD. This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). The incidence of proteinuria was observed in 763 (14.0%) females and 617 (13.2%) males during the median 4.3 and 5.9 years of the observational period, respectively. In females, skipping breakfast as well as skipping dinner, but not lunch, were associated with the incidence of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratios of breakfast frequency of "every day", "sometimes", and "rarely": 1.00 (reference), 1.35 (1.09-1.66), and 1.54 (1.22-1.94), respectively; those of dinner frequency of "every day" and "≤sometimes": 1.00 (reference) and 1.31 (1.00-1.72), respectively). However, no association was observed in male workers. Skipping breakfast and skipping dinner were identified as risk factors of proteinuria in females, but not in males.
尽管多项研究表明，不吃早餐与心血管代谢疾病密切相关，但很少有研究报告其与慢性肾脏病（CKD）的关系。此外，关于不吃午餐和晚餐对心血管代谢疾病和 CKD 的临床影响的报道很少。本回顾性队列研究纳入了日本一所国立大学的 5439 名女性和 4674 名男性工作人员，他们在 2005 年 1 月至 2013 年 3 月期间接受了年度健康检查，旨在评估早餐、午餐和晚餐的频率与蛋白尿（尿蛋白试纸≥1+）发生率之间的关系。在中位观察期 4.3 年和 5.9 年期间，分别有 763 名（14.0%）女性和 617 名（13.2%）男性出现蛋白尿。在女性中，不吃早餐和晚餐与蛋白尿的发生有关，但不吃午餐则无关（早餐频率的校正后危险比为“每天”、“有时”和“很少”：1.00（参考）、1.35（1.09-1.66）和 1.54（1.22-1.94）；晚餐频率的“每天”和“≤有时”：1.00（参考）和 1.31（1.00-1.72））。然而，在男性工人中没有观察到这种关联。不吃早餐和不吃晚餐是女性蛋白尿的危险因素，但不是男性的危险因素。
