The Graduate School of Environmental Health, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.
Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019 Jun;32(3):349-355. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12640. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Most studies on the dietary habits and overweight status of men aged 20-49 years have been cross-sectional, with longitudinal studies being scarce. One-quarter of Japanese men aged 20-49 years skip breakfast or have dinner within 2 h of bedtime (late dinner); therefore, the effects of these eating habits on men's increasing body weight need to be determined.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using health check-up data provided from several health insurance societies in Japan. Participants comprised 45 524 men employees aged 20-49 years who were followed up for 3 years. The primary outcome investigated was body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg m . We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis and calculated the odds ratios for skipping breakfast and late dinner, as well as baseline age, body mass index, smoking status, eating speed, snack-eating status, alcohol drinking frequency, physical activity, sleep habits, and the interaction between skipping breakfast and late dinner.
Of the participants, 17 706 (38.8%) skipped breakfast and 25 987 (57.1%) had a late dinner. At the 3-year follow-up, 5093 (11.2%) had a BMI ≥25 kg m . The odds ratios of men skipping breakfast and having a late dinner were 1.18 (95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.33) and 0.92 (95% confidence interval = 0.84-1.01), respectively. The interaction between these factors was nonsignificant.
We suggest that skipping breakfast among men aged 20-49 years was one predictor of being overweight; however, having dinner within 2 h of bedtime was not a predictor.
大多数关于 20-49 岁男性饮食习惯和超重状况的研究都是横断面研究，纵向研究很少。四分之一的 20-49 岁日本男性不吃早餐或在睡前 2 小时内吃晚餐（晚餐过晚）；因此，需要确定这些饮食习惯对男性体重增加的影响。
我们使用来自日本几家健康保险公司的健康检查数据进行了回顾性队列研究。参与者包括 45524 名年龄在 20-49 岁的男性员工，随访时间为 3 年。主要结局是体重指数（BMI）≥25kg/m2。我们进行了多变量逻辑回归分析，并计算了不吃早餐和晚餐过晚的优势比，以及基线年龄、BMI、吸烟状况、进食速度、吃零食状况、饮酒频率、身体活动、睡眠习惯以及不吃早餐和晚餐过晚之间的交互作用。
在参与者中，17706 人（38.8%）不吃早餐，25987 人（57.1%）晚餐过晚。在 3 年随访时，5093 人（11.2%）BMI≥25kg/m2。不吃早餐和晚餐过晚的男性的优势比分别为 1.18（95%置信区间为 1.04-1.33）和 0.92（95%置信区间为 0.84-1.01）。这些因素之间的交互作用不显著。
我们认为，20-49 岁男性不吃早餐是超重的一个预测因素；然而，睡前 2 小时内吃晚餐不是超重的预测因素。
