Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street MSB 3.228, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street MSB 3.228, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021 Feb;68(1):103-130. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.09.004.
Immune deficiencies may alter normal lung function and protective mechanisms, resulting in a myriad of pulmonary manifestations. Primary immunodeficiencies involve multiple branches of the immune system, and defects may predispose to recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections by common pathogens; opportunistic infections; and autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant processes that may result in interstitial pneumonias. Secondary immunodeficiencies may result from neoplasms or their treatment, organ transplant and immunosuppression, and from autoimmune diseases and their treatments. Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and their pulmonary manifestations may be difficult to diagnose and treat. A multidisciplinary approach to evaluation is essential.
免疫缺陷可能改变正常的肺功能和保护机制，导致多种肺部表现。原发性免疫缺陷涉及免疫系统的多个分支，缺陷可能使常见病原体引起的反复上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染、机会性感染、自身免疫、炎症和恶性过程易感，从而导致间质性肺炎。继发性免疫缺陷可能由肿瘤或其治疗、器官移植和免疫抑制以及自身免疫性疾病及其治疗引起。原发性和继发性免疫缺陷及其肺部表现可能难以诊断和治疗。多学科评估方法是必不可少的。
