Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 Mar;43(3):329-336. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.09.017. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
This study of Canadian women estimates the prevalence of opioid and cannabis use during pregnancy and cannabis use during the breastfeeding period and explores the sociodemographic and mental health characteristics associated with use.
A total of 13 000 women who gave birth between January and June 2018 were invited to participate in the Survey on Maternal Health by Statistics Canada; 7111 women participated for a response rate of 54.7%. Participants were asked about their mental health, supports during pregnancy, and substance use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe the relationship between sociodemographic and mental health characteristics and substance use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
The prevalence of self-reported opioid use during pregnancy was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1%-1.8%). A higher proportion of women reported using cannabis during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, at 3.1% (95% CI 2.5%-3.6%) and 2.6% (95% CI 2.1%-3.1%), respectively. Younger age, not being in a relationship, lower level of education, and thoughts of self-harm were significantly associated with cannabis use during pregnancy. Lower level of education and thoughts of self-harm were also significantly associated with cannabis use while breastfeeding, as were symptoms of postpartum depression and/or generalized anxiety. Lower level of education and symptoms of postpartum depression and/or generalized anxiety were also significantly associated with opioid use during pregnancy.
The results of this survey show relatively low levels of opioid and cannabis use during pregnancy and cannabis use while breastfeeding in Canada. Different sociodemographic and mental health characteristics are associated with the use of these substances, and public health interventions and policies should take into account these factors.
本项针对加拿大女性的研究估计了孕期阿片类药物和大麻使用以及哺乳期大麻使用的流行率，并探讨了与使用相关的社会人口学和心理健康特征。
加拿大统计局邀请了 2018 年 1 月至 6 月期间分娩的 13000 名女性参加“母婴健康调查”；共有 7111 名女性参与，回应率为 54.7%。参与者被问及他们的心理健康、怀孕期间的支持以及物质使用情况。多变量逻辑回归用于描述社会人口学和心理健康特征与怀孕期间和哺乳期物质使用之间的关系。
报告怀孕期间自我报告阿片类药物使用的流行率为 1.4%（95%置信区间[CI] 1.1%-1.8%）。在怀孕期间和哺乳期使用大麻的比例更高，分别为 3.1%（95% CI 2.5%-3.6%）和 2.6%（95% CI 2.1%-3.1%）。年龄较小、没有伴侣、教育程度较低以及有自残念头与怀孕期间使用大麻显著相关。教育程度较低和有自残念头也与哺乳期使用大麻显著相关，产后抑郁和/或广泛性焦虑症状也是如此。教育程度较低以及产后抑郁和/或广泛性焦虑症状也与怀孕期间使用阿片类药物显著相关。
这项调查的结果显示，加拿大孕期阿片类药物和大麻使用以及哺乳期大麻使用的水平相对较低。不同的社会人口学和心理健康特征与这些物质的使用相关，公共卫生干预和政策应考虑这些因素。
