Lanyon L E
Department of Anatomy, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, U.K.
J Biomech. 1987;20(11-12):1083-93. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90026-1.
The skeleton consists of a series of elements with a variety of functions. In locations where shape or protection are of prime importance the bone's architecture is achieved during growth under direct genetic control. In locations where resistance to repetitive loading is important only the general form of the bone will be achieved as a result of growth alone, the remaining characteristics result from functional adaptation. This mechanism ensures that bone architecture is modelled and remodelled until prevailing strains match those genetically prescribed for that location. For this match to be established, and subsequently maintained, bone cells must be able to 'assess' feedback derived directly or indirectly from the functional strains produced within the tissue. These strains are therefore the objective of functionally adaptive remodelling, and the stimulus for its control. Evans was the first person to refer to the recording of functional strains from gauges attached to bone in vivo. This technique has allowed quantitative investigations on bone's normal functional strain environment, and its adaptive response to changes in its state of strain. Recent investigations have extended to the immediate effects of dynamic strains on the structure of the bone matrix, and the biochemical behaviour of the resident bone cells. Such studies should reveal the mechanism by which strains within the matrix are transduced into the biochemical signals by which adaptive remodelling is controlled.
骨骼由一系列具有多种功能的元素组成。在形状或保护至关重要的部位，骨骼结构在生长过程中由直接的基因控制来实现。在抗反复负荷很重要的部位，仅靠生长只能形成骨骼的大致形态，其余特征则来自功能适应。这种机制确保骨骼结构不断塑造和重塑，直到主要应变与该部位基因规定的应变相匹配。为了建立并随后维持这种匹配，骨细胞必须能够“评估”直接或间接来自组织内产生的功能应变的反馈。因此，这些应变是功能适应性重塑的目标及其控制的刺激因素。埃文斯是第一个提到通过附着在体内骨骼上的应变片记录功能应变的人。这项技术使得对骨骼正常功能应变环境及其对应变状态变化的适应性反应进行定量研究成为可能。最近的研究已扩展到动态应变对骨基质结构和驻留骨细胞生化行为的即时影响。此类研究应能揭示基质内的应变被转化为控制适应性重塑的生化信号的机制。
