Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.
Chem Rev. 2021 May 12;121(9):5336-5358. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00644. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Nucleosides play central roles in all facets of life, from metabolism to cellular signaling. Because of their physiochemical properties, nucleosides are lipid bilayer impermeable and thus rely on dedicated transport systems to cross biological membranes. In humans, two unrelated protein families mediate nucleoside membrane transport: the concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporter families. The objective of this review is to provide a broad outlook on the current status of nucleoside transport research. We will discuss the role played by nucleoside transporters in human health and disease, with emphasis placed on recent structural advancements that have revealed detailed molecular principles of these important cellular transport systems and exploitable pharmacological features.
核苷在生命的各个方面都起着核心作用，从新陈代谢到细胞信号传递。由于其理化性质，核苷不易穿透脂质双层，因此依赖于专门的转运系统来穿过生物膜。在人类中，有两个不相关的蛋白家族介导核苷的膜转运：协同转运体和平衡转运体家族。本文综述的目的是提供核苷转运研究的现状概述。我们将讨论核苷转运体在人类健康和疾病中的作用，重点介绍最近的结构进展，这些进展揭示了这些重要细胞转运系统的详细分子原理和可利用的药理学特征。
