Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Internal Medicine, Raoping County People's Hospital, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Nov 24;12(24):26248-26262. doi: 10.18632/aging.202136.
Aging is an important factor affecting the deterioration of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aging and degeneration of various tissues and organs in the elderly lead to impaired organ function. Underlying conditions such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in aged patients are associated with higher mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily interacts with the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 and other accessory proteins such as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CD147. Thus, altered receptor signals in aging and chronic disease play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and are associated with a higher risk of deterioration in different organs. In this review, after a brief introduction to the link between aging and receptors for SARS-CoV-2, we focus on the risk of deterioration in different organs of COVID-19 patients considering aging as the main factor. We further discuss the structural and/or physiological changes in the immune system and organs (lung, heart, kidney, vessels, nerve system), as well as those associated with diabetes, in aging patients, and speculate on the most likely mechanisms underlying the deterioration of COVID-19 patients.
衰老是影响 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者病情恶化的一个重要因素。老年人的各种组织和器官老化和退变会导致器官功能受损。老年患者的慢性肺病、心血管疾病和糖尿病等基础疾病与更高的死亡率相关。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）主要与细胞表面受体血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）2 和其他辅助蛋白（如 78 kDa 葡萄糖调节蛋白 78（GRP78）和 CD147）相互作用。因此，衰老和慢性疾病中受体信号的改变在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中起作用，并与不同器官恶化的风险增加相关。在这篇综述中，在简要介绍衰老与 SARS-CoV-2 受体之间的联系之后，我们重点讨论了将衰老作为主要因素时 COVID-19 患者不同器官恶化的风险。我们进一步讨论了衰老患者免疫系统和器官（肺、心脏、肾脏、血管、神经系统）的结构和/或生理变化，以及与糖尿病相关的变化，并推测 COVID-19 患者恶化的最可能机制。
