Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
Área de Botánica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Quinta Normal, Santiago, Chile.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 24;15(11):e0232922. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232922. eCollection 2020.
Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) are one of the most diverse plant groups worldwide but one of the least studied in temperate forests from an ecological perspective. In comparison to vascular plants, bryophytes have a broader distribution and a longer altitudinal gradient, and their influence on the landscape is poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate environmental drivers that can influence bryophyte cover, richness, diversity, and nestedness in different forest canopy compositions in two typical landscapes across the natural distribution of bryophytes in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Three natural Nothofagus forest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coasts < 100 m.a.s.l. and mountains > 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each plot, we established one transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (point-intercept method). Data were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and multivariate analyses. The studied environmental drivers were mainly explained by the microclimate, with higher effective annual precipitation and relative air humidity in the coastal forests and higher soil moisture in the mountain forests. Greater liverwort richness was found in evergreen forests at the mountain (9 species) than at the coastal, while mosses showed higher richness in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests at the coastal (11 species) than at the mountain. However, the expected richness according to the rarefaction/extrapolation curves suggested that it is possible to record additional species, except for liverworts in pure deciduous forests on the coasts. Similarities and differences among the studied forest types and among plots of the same forest type and landscape were detected. These differences in the studied indexes (similarity that varied between 0 and 1) ranged from 0.09-0.48 for liverworts and 0.05-0.65 for mosses. Moreover, these results indicated that pure evergreen and mixed deciduous-evergreen forests presented higher moss cover (10.7% and 10.0%, respectively), mainly in the mountains than on the coast. These outputs highlight the need to explore differences at greater altitudinal ranges to achieve sustainability objectives conservation planning for bryophytes in southernmost forests.
苔藓植物（地钱、藓和角苔）是全球最多样化的植物群之一，但从生态角度来看，它们在温带森林中的研究最少。与维管植物相比，苔藓植物的分布范围更广，海拔梯度更长，其对景观的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估环境驱动因素，这些因素可能影响不同森林冠层组成的苔藓植物盖度、丰富度、多样性和嵌套性，研究地点位于火地岛（阿根廷）苔藓植物自然分布的两个典型景观中。在两个景观（海拔低于 100 米的沿海和海拔高于 400 米的山区）中选择了三种天然的纳塔栎森林类型（纯落叶林、纯常绿林和混合落叶常绿林）（N = 60 个样方）。在每个样方中，我们建立了一个 10 米长的样带（10 m length）来测量苔藓植物的盖度（点截距法）。使用广义线性混合模型和多元分析评估数据。研究的环境驱动因素主要由小气候解释，沿海森林的有效年降水量和相对空气湿度较高，山区森林的土壤湿度较高。在山区的常绿林中发现了更多的地钱物种（9 种），而在沿海的落叶常绿林中发现了更多的藓类物种（11 种）。然而，根据稀疏/外推曲线预测的预期丰富度表明，除了沿海的纯落叶林中的地钱外，还有可能记录到更多的物种。还检测到了研究森林类型之间以及同一森林类型和景观中的样方之间的相似性和差异性。这些研究指标（在 0 到 1 之间变化的相似性）的差异范围为 0.09-0.48 地钱和 0.05-0.65 藓类。此外，这些结果表明，纯常绿林和混合落叶常绿林的藓类盖度较高（分别为 10.7%和 10.0%），主要在山区而不是沿海。这些结果突出表明，需要在更大的海拔范围内探索差异，以实现南部森林中苔藓植物保护规划的可持续性目标。
