Burnham Andre J, Daley-Bauer Lisa P, Horwitz Edwin M
Blood Adv. 2020 Nov 24;4(22):5877-5887. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002646.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely recognized to possess potent immunomodulatory activity, as well as to stimulate repair and regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue. These fundamental properties suggest important applications in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated, MSCs seem to suppress lymphocytes by paracrine mechanisms, including secreted mediators and metabolic modulators. Most recently, host macrophage engulfment of apoptotic MSCs has emerged as an important contributor to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the most commonly studied, the tissue source of MSCs may be a critical determinant of immunomodulatory function. The key application of MSC therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation is to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathogenesis of GVHD reveals multiple potential targets. Moreover, the recently proposed concept of tissue tolerance suggests a new possible mechanism of MSC therapy for GVHD. Beyond GVHD, MSCs may facilitate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, which could gain greater importance with increasing use of haploidentical transplantation. Despite many challenges and much doubt, commercial MSC products for pediatric steroid-refractory GVHD have been licensed in Japan, conditionally licensed in Canada and New Zealand, and have been recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Committee in the United States. Here, we review key historical data in the context of the most salient recent findings to present the current state of MSCs as adjunct cell therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
间充质基质细胞(MSCs)具有强大的免疫调节活性以及刺激患病或受损组织修复和再生的能力,这已得到广泛认可。这些基本特性表明其在造血细胞移植中具有重要应用。尽管MSCs在体内的治疗活性机制尚未完全阐明,但它们似乎通过旁分泌机制抑制淋巴细胞,包括分泌介质和代谢调节剂。最近,宿主巨噬细胞吞噬凋亡的MSCs已成为免疫抑制微环境的重要促成因素。尽管骨髓来源的MSCs是研究最广泛的,但MSCs的组织来源可能是免疫调节功能的关键决定因素。MSCs治疗在造血细胞移植中的关键应用是预防或治疗移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。GVHD的发病机制揭示了多个潜在靶点。此外,最近提出的组织耐受概念为MSCs治疗GVHD提供了一种新的可能机制。除了GVHD,MSCs可能促进造血干细胞植入,随着单倍体相合移植的使用增加,这一点可能变得更加重要。尽管存在许多挑战和质疑,但用于治疗儿童类固醇难治性GVHD的商业MSCs产品已在日本获得许可,在加拿大和新西兰有条件获得许可,并已被美国食品药品监督管理局咨询委员会推荐批准。在此,我们结合最近最突出的研究结果回顾关键的历史数据,以呈现MSCs作为造血细胞移植辅助细胞治疗的现状。