Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109547. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109547. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Fruit of salak (Salacca zalacca) is traditionally used and commercialized as an antidiabetic agent. However, the scientific evidence to prove this traditional use is lacking. This research was aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes of obese-diabetic (OBDC) rats treated with S. zalacca fruit extract using proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR)-based metabolomics approach. This research presents the first report on the in vitro antidiabetic effect of S. zalacca fruits extract using this approach. The obtained results indicated that the administration of 400 mg/kg bw of 60% ethanolic S. zalacca extract for 6 weeks significantly decreased the blood glucose level and normalized the blood lipid profile of the OBDC rats. The potential biomarkers in urine were 2-oxoglutarate, alanine, leucine, succinate 3-hydroxybutyrate, taurine, betaine, allantoin, acetate, dimethylamine, creatine, creatinine, glucose, phenyl-acetylglycine, and hippurate. Based on the data obtained, the 60% ethanolic extract could not fully improved the metabolic complications of diabetic rats. The extract of S. zalacca fruit was able to decrease the ketones bodies as 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. It also improved energy metabolism, involving glucose, acetate, lactate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, and succinate. Moreover, it decreased metabolites from gut microflora, including choline. This extract had significant effect on amino acid metabolism, metabolites from gut microflora, bile acid metabolism and creatine. The result can further support the traditional claims of S. zalacca fruits in management of diabetes. This finding might be valuable in understanding the molecular mechanism and pharmacological properties of this medicinal plant for managing diabetes mellitus.
沙捞越龙舌兰的果实传统上被用作降血糖药物，并已商业化。然而，缺乏证明这一传统用途的科学证据。本研究旨在采用基于质子核磁共振（1H NMR）的代谢组学方法，评估肥胖型糖尿病（OBDC）大鼠经沙捞越龙舌兰果实提取物治疗后的代谢变化。本研究首次报道了采用该方法研究沙捞越龙舌兰果实提取物的体外降血糖作用。研究结果表明，60%乙醇沙捞越龙舌兰提取物以 400 mg/kg bw 的剂量给药 6 周，可显著降低 OBDC 大鼠的血糖水平，并使血脂谱正常化。尿液中的潜在生物标志物为 2-氧戊二酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、琥珀酸 3-羟基丁酯、牛磺酸、甜菜碱、尿囊素、乙酸盐、二甲胺、肌酸、肌酐、葡萄糖、苯乙酰甘氨酸和马尿酸。根据所得数据，60%乙醇提取物不能完全改善糖尿病大鼠的代谢并发症。沙捞越龙舌兰果实的提取物能够降低 3-羟基丁酸和乙酰乙酸等酮体。它还改善了能量代谢，涉及葡萄糖、乙酸盐、乳酸盐、2-羟基丁酸、2-氧戊二酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸。此外，它还降低了肠道微生物群的代谢物，包括胆碱。该提取物对氨基酸代谢、肠道微生物群代谢物、胆汁酸代谢和肌酸有显著影响。研究结果可以进一步支持沙捞越龙舌兰果实用于治疗糖尿病的传统说法。这一发现可能有助于理解这种药用植物在治疗糖尿病方面的分子机制和药理学特性。
