Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Nov 21;12(11):730. doi: 10.3390/toxins12110730.
This four-year study reports the occurrence of ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cereals intended for animal feeding collected in Slovenia. A total of 517 samples of cereals were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of EAs. The sample set included wheat, rye, triticale, oat, spelt and barley. The study revealed that 17% of the analysed cereal samples were contaminated with at least one ergot alkaloid. EAs have two epimeric forms: -ine and -inine. The incidence rates of the -ine and -inine forms in the analysed samples were 16% and 15%, respectively. The highest contamination rates were observed in rye (54%), oat (50%) and spelt (30%), where the highest mean concentrations of total EAs were also determined (502 µg/kg, 594 µg/kg and 715 µg/kg, respectively). However, the highest concentrations of total EAs were found in wheat and rye (4217 µg/kg and 4114 µg/kg, respectively). The predominant EAs were ergometrine, ergosine and ergocristinine. The occurrence of six or more ergot alkaloids was observed in 49% of the positive samples. A weak correlation ( = 0.284) in the positive samples was found between the mass of sclerotia and the total concentrations of EAs using the Spearman correlation coefficient.
这项为期四年的研究报告了在斯洛文尼亚采集的用于动物饲料的谷物中存在麦角生物碱 (EAs) 的情况。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了总共 517 份谷物样品，以检测 EAs 的存在。该样本集包括小麦、黑麦、小黑麦、燕麦、斯佩耳特小麦和大麦。研究表明，分析的谷物样本中有 17%受到至少一种麦角生物碱的污染。EAs 有两种差向异构体形式：-ine 和 -inine。在分析的样品中，-ine 和 -inine 形式的发生率分别为 16%和 15%。在黑麦（54%）、燕麦（50%）和斯佩耳特小麦（30%）中观察到最高的污染率，在这些谷物中也确定了最高的总 EAs 平均浓度（分别为 502µg/kg、594µg/kg 和 715µg/kg）。然而，在小麦和黑麦中发现了最高的总 EAs 浓度（分别为 4217µg/kg 和 4114µg/kg）。主要的 EAs 是麦角胍、麦角新碱和麦角柯宁。在阳性样本中，有 49%观察到六种或更多种麦角生物碱的存在。使用 Spearman 相关系数发现，在阳性样本中，菌核质量与 EAs 总浓度之间存在弱相关性（=0.284）。
