Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 13;13(10):724. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100724.
Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins mainly produced by the fungus . EAs are known to affect the nervous system and to be vasoconstrictors in humans and animals. This work presents recent advances in swine and dairy feeds regarding 11 major EAs, namely ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergosinine, ergotaminine, ergocorninine, ergocryptinine, and ergocristinine. A reliable, sensitive, and accurate multiple mycotoxin method, based on extraction with a Mycosep 150 multifunctional column prior to analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS, was validated using samples of swine feed (100) and dairy feed (100) for the 11 targeted EAs. Based on the obtained validation results, this method showed good performance recovery and inter-day and intra-day precision that are in accordance with standard criteria to ensure reliable occurrence data on EA contaminants. More than 49% of the swine feed samples were contaminated with EAs, especially ergocryptine(-ine) (40%) and ergosine (-ine) and ergotamine (-ine) (37%). However, many of the 11 EAs were not detectable in any swine feed samples. In addition, there were contaminated (positive) dairy feed samples, especially for ergocryptine (-ine) (50%), ergosine (-ine) (48%), ergotamine (-ine), and ergocristine (-ine) (49%). The mycotoxin levels in the feed samples in this study almost complied with the European Union regulations.
麦角生物碱（EAs）是主要由真菌产生的霉菌毒素。已知 EAs 会影响神经系统，并在人类和动物中起到血管收缩剂的作用。本工作介绍了最近在猪和奶牛饲料中关于 11 种主要 EAs（即麦角新碱、麦角胺、麦角酸、麦角柯宁、麦角胍宁、麦角隐亭、麦角辛碱、麦角胺、麦角柯宁、麦角胍宁和麦角隐亭）的研究进展。采用 Mycosep 150 多功能柱提取，UHPLC-MS/MS 分析，建立了一种可靠、灵敏、准确的多真菌毒素分析方法，对 11 种目标 EAs 的猪饲料（100 份）和奶牛饲料（100 份）进行了验证。根据获得的验证结果，该方法显示出良好的回收率和日内、日间精密度，符合标准要求，可确保 EA 污染物的可靠发生数据。超过 49%的猪饲料样品受到 EAs 的污染，尤其是麦角隐亭（40%）和麦角辛碱（-ine）和麦角胺（-ine）（37%）。然而，在许多猪饲料样品中均未检测到 11 种 EAs 中的任何一种。此外，还有污染（阳性）的奶牛饲料样品，尤其是麦角隐亭（-ine）（50%）、麦角辛碱（-ine）（48%）、麦角胺（-ine）和麦角隐亭（-ine）（49%）。本研究中饲料样品中的真菌毒素水平几乎符合欧盟法规。
