Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Nov;35(22):4273-4284. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1849105. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
The use of non-prescribed drugs are common to pregnant women. It may lead to undesirable effects, such as birth defects. Study results on the occurrence and predictor of non-prescribed drug use among pregnant women throughout Ethiopia are highly variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-prescribed drug use and predictors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
We systematically searched studies from the international databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and others. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata15. I test and Egger's test were used to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias respectively. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-prescribed drug use at a 95% CI.
Eleven studies with a total of 4492 pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included. The pooled national level non-prescribed drug use among pregnant women was 30.38% (95% CI: 20.28, 40.48). The highest use of non-prescribed drug among pregnant women was observed in Amhara region 36.71%, while the lowest was in Tigray region 9.67%, respectively. The most frequently consumed non prescribed drugs by pregnant mothers were paracetamol 34.38%, amoxicillin 14.73%, aspirin 4.25%, metronidazole 2.81% and ciprofloxacin 2.80%. Maternal previous history of self-medication, maternal illness during pregnancy and maternal marital status were significantly associated with women non-prescribed drug use during pregnancy.
The overall prevalence of non- prescribed drug use among pregnant women in Ethiopia is relatively high, and varies across different regions. The most frequently consumed non- prescribed drug by pregnant mothers was paracetamol. Maternal; previous history of self-medication, illness during pregnancy and marital status were significantly associated with pregnant women non-prescribed drug use. Awareness of the possible side effects of taking non-prescribed drugs for all pregnant women is very relevant in the media and in the maternity ward. In particular, it is important to make clear to mothers who have a history of self-medication, to those who have a history of illness during pregnancy and to those who are pregnant, unmarried or divorced.
孕妇使用非处方药物很常见。这可能会导致不良后果，例如出生缺陷。在整个埃塞俄比亚，关于孕妇使用非处方药物的发生情况和预测因素的研究结果差异很大且不一致。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是估计埃塞俄比亚孕妇使用非处方药物的总体流行率和预测因素。
我们从国际数据库（包括 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Science Direct、Google Scholar、Cochrane 图书馆等）中系统地搜索了研究。使用 Stata15 进行荟萃分析。I 检验和 Egger 检验分别用于评估异质性和发表偏倚。使用随机效应模型在 95%CI 中估计非处方药物使用的总体流行率。
共有 11 项研究符合纳入标准，共纳入 4492 名孕妇。孕妇全国范围内非处方药物使用的总体流行率为 30.38%（95%CI：20.28，40.48）。孕妇使用非处方药物最高的地区是阿姆哈拉地区，为 36.71%，而最低的是提格雷地区，为 9.67%。孕妇母亲最常服用的非处方药物是对乙酰氨基酚 34.38%、阿莫西林 14.73%、阿司匹林 4.25%、甲硝唑 2.81%和环丙沙星 2.80%。母亲以前有自我用药史、母亲怀孕期间患病和母亲婚姻状况与孕妇怀孕期间使用非处方药物显著相关。
埃塞俄比亚孕妇使用非处方药物的总体流行率相对较高，且在不同地区有所差异。孕妇母亲最常服用的非处方药物是对乙酰氨基酚。母亲以前有自我用药史、怀孕期间患病和婚姻状况与孕妇使用非处方药物显著相关。在媒体和妇产科病房中，让所有孕妇都了解服用非处方药物可能产生的副作用是非常重要的。特别是，对于有自我用药史的母亲、怀孕期间患病的母亲以及未婚或离异的母亲，这一点尤为重要。
