Simabuco Fernando Moreira, Tamura Rodrigo Esaki, Pavan Isadora Carolina Betim, Morale Mirian Galliote, Ventura Armando Morais
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Limeira, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2020 Nov 23;44(1 Suppl 1):e20200212. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0212. eCollection 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), as well as SARS-CoV from 2003 along with MERS-CoV from 2012, is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus of the Nidovirales order and is currently the cause of the pandemic called COVID-19 (or Coronavirus disease 2019). COVID-19, which is characterized by cough, fever, fatigue, and severe cases of pneumonia, has affected more than 23 million people worldwide until August 25th, 2020. Here, we present a review of the cellular mechanisms associated with human coronavirus replication, including the unique molecular events related to the replication transcription complex (RTC) of coronaviruses. We also present information regarding the interactions between each viral protein and cellular proteins associated to known host-pathogen implications for the coronavirus biology. Finally, a specific topic addresses the current attempts for pharmacological interventions against COVID-19, highlighting the possible effects of each drug on the molecular events of viral replication. This review intends to aid future studies for a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and the development of pharmacological approaches targeting COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），以及2003年的SARS-CoV和2012年的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV），属于尼多病毒目β冠状病毒属，是目前被称为COVID-19（或2019冠状病毒病）大流行的病原体。COVID-19的症状包括咳嗽、发热、乏力以及严重的肺炎病例，截至2020年8月25日，全球已有超过2300万人受到影响。在此，我们综述了与人类冠状病毒复制相关的细胞机制，包括与冠状病毒复制转录复合体（RTC）相关的独特分子事件。我们还介绍了每种病毒蛋白与细胞蛋白之间的相互作用，这些相互作用与已知的宿主-病原体对冠状病毒生物学的影响相关。最后，一个特定的主题探讨了目前针对COVID-19的药物干预尝试，强调了每种药物对病毒复制分子事件的可能影响。本综述旨在帮助未来的研究更好地理解SARS-CoV-2的复制周期以及开发针对COVID-19的药理学方法。
