Rudel Holly E, Lane Mary Kate M, Muhich Christopher L, Zimmerman Julie B
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
ACS Nano. 2020 Dec 22;14(12):16472-16501. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08356. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Nanoscale metal oxides (NMOs) have found wide-scale applicability in a variety of environmental fields, particularly catalysis, gas sensing, and sorption. Facet engineering, or controlled exposure of a particular crystal plane, has been established as an advantageous approach to enabling enhanced functionality of NMOs. However, the underlying mechanisms that give rise to this improved performance are often not systematically examined, leading to an insufficient understanding of NMO facet reactivity. This critical review details the unique electronic and structural characteristics of commonly studied NMO facets and further correlates these characteristics to the principal mechanisms that govern performance in various catalytic, gas sensing, and contaminant removal applications. General trends of facet-dependent behavior are established for each of the NMO compositions, and selected case studies for extensions of facet-dependent behavior, such as mixed metals, mixed-metal oxides, and mixed facets, are discussed. Key conclusions about facet reactivity, confounding variables that tend to obfuscate them, and opportunities to deepen structure-property-function understanding are detailed to encourage rational, informed design of NMOs for the intended application.
纳米级金属氧化物（NMOs）已在各种环境领域中得到广泛应用，特别是催化、气体传感和吸附领域。晶面工程，即特定晶面的可控暴露，已被确立为一种增强NMOs功能的有利方法。然而，导致这种性能提升的潜在机制往往没有得到系统研究，从而导致对NMO晶面反应性的理解不足。这篇综述详细阐述了常见研究的NMO晶面独特的电子和结构特征，并进一步将这些特征与在各种催化、气体传感和污染物去除应用中控制性能的主要机制联系起来。针对每种NMO组成，确立了晶面依赖性行为的一般趋势，并讨论了晶面依赖性行为扩展的选定案例研究，如混合金属、混合金属氧化物和混合晶面。详细阐述了关于晶面反应性的关键结论、往往会混淆这些结论的混杂变量，以及加深对结构-性质-功能理解的机会，以鼓励针对预期应用对NMOs进行合理、明智的设计。
