Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Nov 25;20(1):1784. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09899-5.
Social inequalities in labor force participation are well established, but the causes of these inequalities are not fully understood. The present study aims to investigate the association between educational qualification and labor market marginalization (LMM) among mature-aged working men and to examine to what extent the association can be explained by risk factors over the life course.
The study was based on a cohort of men born between 1949 and 1951 who were examined for Swedish military service in 1969/70 and employed in 2000 (n = 41,685). Data on educational qualification was obtained in 2000 and information on the outcome of LMM (unemployment, sickness absence, and disability pension) was obtained between 2001 and 2008. Information on early health behaviors, cognitive ability, previous employment histories, and mental health was collected from conscription examinations and nationwide registers.
Evidence of a graded association between years of education and LMM was found. In the crude model, compared to men with the highest level of education men with less than 12 years of schooling had more than a 2.5-fold increased risk of health-related LMM and more than a 1.5-fold increased risk of non-health-related LMM. Risk factors measured across the life course explained a large part of the association between education and health-related LMM (33-61%) and non-health-related LMM (13-58%).
Educational differences remained regarding LMM among mature-aged workers, even after considering several important risk factors measured across the life course. Previous health problems and disrupted employment histories explained the largest part of the associations.
劳动力参与方面的社会不平等是众所周知的，但这些不平等的原因尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在调查教育程度与成熟劳动力市场边缘化（LMM）之间的关联，并探讨这种关联在多大程度上可以用整个生命周期中的风险因素来解释。
该研究基于一个出生于 1949 年至 1951 年之间的男性队列，他们在 1969/70 年接受了瑞典兵役检查，并在 2000 年就业（n=41685）。2000 年获得了教育程度的数据，2001 年至 2008 年期间获得了 LMM（失业、病假和残疾抚恤金）的结果信息。从兵役检查和全国登记册收集了早期健康行为、认知能力、以前的就业历史和心理健康信息。
发现教育年限与 LMM 之间存在等级关联的证据。在粗模型中，与受教育程度最高的男性相比，受教育程度低于 12 年的男性健康相关 LMM 的风险增加了 2.5 倍以上，非健康相关 LMM 的风险增加了 1.5 倍以上。整个生命周期中测量的风险因素解释了教育与健康相关 LMM（33-61%）和非健康相关 LMM（13-58%）之间关联的很大一部分。
即使考虑到整个生命周期中测量的几个重要风险因素，成熟工人的劳动力市场边缘化方面仍存在教育差异。先前的健康问题和就业历史中断解释了大部分关联。
