Rasband Matthew N, Peles Elior
Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021 Jan;22(1):7-20. doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-00406-8. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
The nodes of Ranvier have clustered Na and K channels necessary for rapid and efficient axonal action potential conduction. However, detailed mechanisms of channel clustering have only recently been identified: they include two independent axon-glia interactions that converge on distinct axonal cytoskeletons. Here, we discuss how glial cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix molecules that bind them assemble combinations of ankyrins, spectrins and other cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins, which cluster ion channels. We present a detailed molecular model, incorporating these overlapping mechanisms, to explain how the nodes of Ranvier are assembled in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
郎飞结聚集了钠离子和钾离子通道，这些通道对于轴突动作电位的快速高效传导至关重要。然而，通道聚集的详细机制直到最近才被发现：它们包括两种独立的轴突-神经胶质细胞相互作用，这些相互作用汇聚在不同的轴突细胞骨架上。在这里，我们讨论神经胶质细胞粘附分子以及与其结合的细胞外基质分子如何组装锚蛋白、血影蛋白和其他细胞骨架支架蛋白的组合，从而使离子通道聚集。我们提出了一个详细的分子模型，纳入了这些重叠机制，以解释郎飞结在周围神经系统和中枢神经系统中是如何组装的。
