Petrie Cameron A, Lynam Frank
Department of Archaeology and McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
J Field Archaeol. 2019 Sep 30;45(1):1-15. doi: 10.1080/00934690.2019.1664848.
"Map overestimation," or "the contemporaneity problem," derives from the assumption that settlements identified during surface surveys were occupied throughout individual periods. Inductive and simulation analysis have been used to ascertain the degree of contemporaneity in surface survey data sets, as variation in settlement location is critical for understanding population density and demography, which inform social, economic and political interpretations. This paper revisits the inductive approach to interrogating survey data developed by W. M. Sumner and the simulation model approach developed by R. E. Dewar to explore the survey data from two regions within South Asia's Indus civilization. This analysis demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. It also highlights the variability in settlement systems in different areas within the Indus civilization and shows that consideration of stability and instability within settlement systems is an important factor when considering dynamics of resilience and sustainability.
“地图高估”或“同时期问题”源于这样一种假设，即地表调查中确定的定居点在各个时期都有人居住。归纳分析和模拟分析已被用于确定地表调查数据集的同时期程度，因为定居点位置的变化对于理解人口密度和人口统计学至关重要，而人口密度和人口统计学为社会、经济和政治解读提供依据。本文重新审视了W. M. 萨姆纳开发的用于审视调查数据的归纳方法以及R. E. 杜瓦尔开发的模拟模型方法，以探究南亚印度河文明两个地区的调查数据。该分析展示了这些方法的优缺点。它还突出了印度河文明不同地区定居系统的变异性，并表明在考虑恢复力和可持续性动态时，考虑定居系统内的稳定性和不稳定性是一个重要因素。
