Gatto Laura, Prati Francesco
Cardiology Care Unit, San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Centro per la Lotta Contro l'Infarto, Onlus Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Eur Heart J Suppl. 2020 Nov 18;22(Suppl L):L72-L76. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa139. eCollection 2020 Nov.
The ticagrelor represents a cornerstone of antiplatelet therapy and its use has been supported, over the years, by several clinical trials that have enrolled thousands of patients; while the PLATO study initially demonstrated its effectiveness in the immediate treatment of acute coronary syndromes, the PEGASUS study documented the benefit of prolonging this treatment beyond 12 months from the heart attack. Over the past few months, two new randomized clinical trials have been published that have seen the use of ticagrelor in different clinical settings. The TWILIGHT study showed that in high-risk patients who completed 3 months of double antiplatelet drugs after coronary angioplasty, ticagrelor monotherapy is associated with a 44% reduction in the risk of clinically relevant bleeding in the absence of an increase in the ischaemic risk. The THEMIS study instead concluded that in the population of diabetics with stable coronary artery disease, but without a history of heart attack or stroke, a strategy that involves the addition of ticagrelor to the acetylsalicylic acid is not advisable as in the face of a benefit in the prevention of events ischaemic an increased risk of bleeding has been observed. Only in the subgroup of diabetic patients with a history of previous angioplasty would a more powerful antithrombotic therapy seem to be advantageous.
替格瑞洛是抗血小板治疗的基石,多年来,多项纳入数千名患者的临床试验支持了其应用;虽然PLATO研究最初证明了其在急性冠脉综合征即刻治疗中的有效性,但PEGASUS研究记录了在心脏病发作后将这种治疗延长至12个月以上的益处。在过去几个月里,两项新的随机临床试验发表,展示了替格瑞洛在不同临床环境中的应用。TWILIGHT研究表明,在冠状动脉血管成形术后完成3个月双联抗血小板药物治疗的高危患者中,替格瑞洛单药治疗可使临床相关出血风险降低44%,且缺血风险未增加。相反,THEMIS研究得出结论,在患有稳定冠状动脉疾病但无心脏病发作或中风病史的糖尿病患者人群中,在阿司匹林基础上加用替格瑞洛的策略不可取,因为尽管在预防缺血事件方面有获益,但观察到出血风险增加。只有在既往有血管成形术病史的糖尿病患者亚组中,更强有力的抗栓治疗似乎才具有优势。