Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 9;11:580879. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580879. eCollection 2020.
The brain is responsible for maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis by changing energy input and availability. The hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) are the primary sites of metabolic control, able to sense both hormones and nutrients and adapt metabolism accordingly. The mitochondria respond to the level of nutrient availability by fusion or fission to maintain energy homeostasis; however, these processes can be disrupted by metabolic diseases including obesity and type II diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dynamics are crucial in the development and maintenance of obesity and T2D, playing a role in the control of glucose homeostasis and whole-body metabolism across neurons and glia in the hypothalamus and DVC.
大脑通过改变能量摄入和可利用性来负责维持全身能量稳态。下丘脑和迷走神经背核复合体（DVC）是代谢控制的主要部位，能够感知激素和营养物质，并相应地调整代谢。线粒体通过融合或裂变来响应营养物质可用性的水平，以维持能量稳态；然而，这些过程可能会被代谢疾病（包括肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2D））所破坏。线粒体动力学在肥胖和 T2D 的发展和维持中至关重要，在控制下丘脑和 DVC 中的神经元和神经胶质细胞中的葡萄糖稳态和全身代谢中发挥作用。
