Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
Curr Opin Virol. 2020 Oct;44:183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.10.006. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
The potential of viruses as biotechnology platforms is becoming more appealing due to technological advances in synthetic biology techniques and to the increasing accessibility of means to manipulate virus genomes. Among viral systems, poxviruses, and their prototype member Vaccinia Virus, are one of the outstanding choices for different biotechnological and medical applications based on heterologous gene expression, recombinant vaccines or oncolytic viruses. The refinement of genetic engineering methods on Vaccinia Virus over the last decades have contributed to facilitate the manipulation of the genomes of poxviruses, and may aid in the improvement of virus variants designed for different goals through reverse genetic approaches. Targeted genetic changes are usually performed by homologous recombination with the viral genome. In addition to the classic approach, recent methodological advances that may assist new strategies for the mutation or edition of poxvirus genomes are reviewed.
由于合成生物学技术的进步以及操纵病毒基因组的手段越来越容易获得，病毒作为生物技术平台的潜力变得越来越有吸引力。在病毒系统中，痘病毒及其原型成员牛痘病毒是基于异源基因表达、重组疫苗或溶瘤病毒的不同生物技术和医学应用的首选之一。在过去几十年中，对牛痘病毒的遗传工程方法的改进有助于简化痘病毒基因组的操作，并且可以通过反向遗传方法帮助改进针对不同目标设计的病毒变体。通过同源重组与病毒基因组进行有针对性的遗传改变。除了经典方法外，还综述了最近的方法学进展，这些进展可能有助于痘病毒基因组突变或编辑的新策略。
