Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, P.R. China; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Ash road, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
CRISPR J. 2021 Aug;4(4):477-490. doi: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0017.
CRISPR-Cas technology, discovered originally as a bacterial defense system, has been extensively repurposed as a powerful tool for genome editing for multiple applications in biology. In the field of virology, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely applied on genetic recombination and engineering of genomes of various viruses to ask some fundamental questions about virus-host interactions. Its high efficiency, specificity, versatility, and low cost have also provided great inspiration and hope in the field of vaccinology to solve a series of bottleneck problems in the development of recombinant viral vaccines. This review highlights the applications of CRISPR editing in the technological advances compared to the traditional approaches used for the construction of recombinant viral vaccines and vectors, the main factors affecting their application, and the challenges that need to be overcome for further streamlining their effective usage in the prevention and control of diseases. Factors affecting efficiency, target specificity, and fidelity of CRISPR-Cas editing in the context of viral genome editing and development of recombinant vaccines are also discussed.
CRISPR-Cas 技术最初被发现是一种细菌防御系统，现已被广泛重新用于基因组编辑，在生物学的多个领域具有广泛的应用。在病毒学领域，CRISPR-Cas9 技术已广泛应用于各种病毒的基因组遗传重组和工程，以提出有关病毒-宿主相互作用的一些基本问题。其高效性、特异性、多功能性和低成本在疫苗学领域也提供了巨大的灵感和希望，有助于解决重组病毒疫苗发展中的一系列瓶颈问题。本文重点介绍了 CRISPR 编辑技术在构建重组病毒疫苗和载体方面的技术进步中的应用，影响其应用的主要因素，以及为进一步简化其在疾病预防和控制中的有效应用而需要克服的挑战。还讨论了影响病毒基因组编辑和重组疫苗开发中 CRISPR-Cas 编辑效率、靶向特异性和保真度的因素。
