Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Systems Modeling of Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Systems Modeling of Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2021 Jun;29(6):528-541. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.10.014. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entity in the human body, but until recently the role that phages play in human health was not well characterized. Although phages do not cause infections in human cells, phages can alter the severity of bacterial infections by the dissemination of virulence factors amongst bacterial hosts. Recent studies, made possible with advances in genome engineering and microscopy, have uncovered a novel role for phages in the human body - the ability to modulate the physiology of the mammalian cells that can harbor intracellular bacteria. In this review, we synthesize key results on how phages traverse through mammalian cells - including uptake, distribution, and interaction with intracellular receptors - highlighting how these steps in turn influence host cell killing of bacteria. We discuss the implications of the growing field of phage-mammalian cell interactions for phage therapy.
噬菌体（phages）是人体中最丰富的生物实体，但直到最近，噬菌体在人类健康中所扮演的角色还没有被很好地描述。尽管噬菌体不会在人类细胞中引起感染，但噬菌体可以通过在细菌宿主之间传播毒力因子来改变细菌感染的严重程度。随着基因组工程和显微镜技术的进步，最近的研究揭示了噬菌体在人体中的一个新角色——能够调节可以容纳胞内细菌的哺乳动物细胞的生理机能。在这篇综述中，我们综合了关于噬菌体如何穿过哺乳动物细胞的关键结果，包括摄取、分布和与细胞内受体的相互作用，强调了这些步骤如何反过来影响宿主细胞对细菌的杀伤。我们讨论了噬菌体与哺乳动物细胞相互作用这一日益增长的研究领域对噬菌体治疗的意义。
