[Cardiac functional alterations and its risk factors in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome free of cardiovascular disease].

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the changes of cardiac structure and function and their risk factors in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) without cardiovascular complications.

METHODS

Eighty-two elderly OSA patients without cardiovascular disease admitted between January, 2015 and October, 2016 were enrolled in this study. According to their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, calculated as the average number of episodes of apnoea and hypopnoea per hour of sleep), the patients were divided into mild OSA group (AHI < 15) and moderate to severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 15). The demographic data and the general clinical data were recorded and fasting blood samples were collected from the patients on the next morning following polysomnographic monitoring for blood cell analysis and biochemical examination. Echocardiography was performed within one week after overnight polysomnography, and the cardiac structure, cardiac function and biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Compared with those with mild OSA group, the patients with moderate to severe OSA had significantly higher hematocrit (0.22±0.08 0.17±0.04, =0.032) and serum creatinine level (70.94± 27.88 54.49±34.22 μmol/L, =0.022). The left ventricular ejection fraction, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left atrial diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were all similar between the two groups. With a similar early diastolic mitral flow velocity (E) between the two groups, the patients with moderate to severe OSA had a significantly higher late diastolic mitral flow velocity (A) (70.35±6.87 64.09±8.31, =0.0001) and a significantly lower E/A ratio (0.98±0.06 1.08±0.05, =0.0001) than the patients with mild OSA. Multiple linear regression showed that the E/A ratio was negatively correlated with AHI (β =- 0.645, =0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Cardiac diastolic function impairment may occur in elderly patients with moderate or severe OSA who do not have hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases, and the severity of the impairment is positively correlated with AHI.