Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2020 Nov 27;25(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00915-z.
Individual health behavior is related to environmental and social structures. To promote physical activity (PA) effectively, it is necessary to consider structural influences. Previous research has shown the relevance of the built environment. However, sex/gender differences have yet not been considered. The aim of this systematic review was to identify built environmental determinants of PA by taking sex/gender into account.
A systematic literature search was carried out using six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Knowledge) to identify studies analyzing the effect of changes in the built environment on PA, taking sex/gender into account. To be included, studies had to be based on quantitative data and a longitudinal study design. Changes in the built environment had to be objectively assessed. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using the QualSyst tool for examining risk of bias.
In total, 36 studies published since 2000 were included in this review. The data synthesis revealed that the majority of reviewed studies found the built environment to be a determinant of PA behavior for both, males and females, in a similar way. Creating a new infrastructure for walking, cycling, and public transportation showed a positive effect on PA behavior. Findings were most consistent for the availability of public transport, which was positively associated with overall PA and walking. The improvement of walking and cycling infrastructure had no effect on the overall level of PA, but it attracted more users and had a positive effect on active transportation. In women, the availability of public transport, safe cycling lanes, housing density, and the distance to daily destinations proved to be more relevant with regard to their PA behavior. In men, street network characteristics and road environment, such as intersection connectivity, local road density, and the presence of dead-end roads, were more important determinants of PA.
This review sheds light on the relevance of the built environment on PA. By focusing on sex/gender differences, a new aspect was addressed that should be further analyzed in future research and considered by urban planners and other practitioners.
个体健康行为与环境和社会结构有关。为了有效地促进身体活动（PA），有必要考虑结构的影响。先前的研究表明了建筑环境的相关性。然而，性别差异尚未被考虑到。本系统综述的目的是确定考虑到性别差异的 PA 的建筑环境决定因素。
使用六个电子数据库（PubMed、CINAHL、SportDiscus、PsycInfo、Scopus、Web of Knowledge）进行了系统的文献检索，以确定分析建筑环境变化对 PA 的影响的研究，同时考虑到性别差异。纳入的研究必须基于定量数据和纵向研究设计。建筑环境的变化必须通过 QualSyst 工具进行客观评估。
本综述共纳入了 36 项自 2000 年以来发表的研究。数据综合表明，大多数回顾性研究发现，建筑环境对男性和女性的 PA 行为都具有同样的决定作用。创建新的步行、骑自行车和公共交通基础设施对 PA 行为有积极影响。发现最一致的是公共交通的可用性，它与整体 PA 和步行呈正相关。步行和骑自行车基础设施的改善对整体 PA 水平没有影响，但它吸引了更多的使用者，并对积极交通产生了积极影响。在女性中，公共交通的可用性、安全的自行车道、住房密度以及到日常目的地的距离被证明与她们的 PA 行为更为相关。在男性中，街道网络特征和道路环境，如交叉口连通性、局部道路密度和死胡同的存在，是 PA 的更重要决定因素。
本综述揭示了建筑环境对 PA 的相关性。通过关注性别差异，解决了一个新的方面，这应该在未来的研究中进一步分析，并由城市规划者和其他从业者考虑。
