Eckert W G
Milton Helpern International Center of Forensic Sciences, Wichita, Kansas.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1987 Dec;8(4):350-3. doi: 10.1097/00000433-198712000-00018.
American forensic medicine is forever indebted to pioneers like George Magrath of Boston, Milton Helpern of New York, LeMoyne Snyder of Michigan, and others, but the organizing of forensic medicine in the formal sense is due to the efforts of Charles Norris (Figure 1) and his successor Thomas A. Gonzales (Figure 2). These men were instrumental in developing the subspecialty as an extension of clinical medicine in which information derived from study of the dead was applied to benefit the living. Their combined efforts between 1918 and 1954 represent the epitome of the application of scientific expertise to medicolegal investigation of deaths in America. Their collaboration from 1918 to 1935 was particularly fruitful. The support of Dr. Alexander Gettler and, in 1938, the addition of Dr. Wiener to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner made this period a golden era for forensic medicine.
美国法医学永远感激像波士顿的乔治·马格拉斯、纽约的米尔顿·赫尔珀恩、密歇根的勒莫因·斯奈德等先驱者，但从正式意义上讲，法医学的组织工作归功于查尔斯·诺里斯（图1）和他的继任者托马斯·A·冈萨雷斯（图2）的努力。这些人在将这一亚专业发展为临床医学的一个分支方面发挥了重要作用，在这个分支中，从对死者的研究中获得的信息被用于造福生者。他们在1918年至1954年期间的共同努力代表了美国将科学专业知识应用于法医学死亡调查的典范。他们在1918年至1935年期间的合作尤为富有成果。亚历山大·格特勒博士的支持，以及1938年维纳博士加入首席法医办公室，使这个时期成为法医学的黄金时代。
