Gill T J
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261.
Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1987 Dec;15(4):133-7.
When all known causes of fetal losses are ruled out, there remains a small population of women (0.5-1.0%) who have recurrent fetal losses of unknown etiology. A significant proportion of these recurrent spontaneous abortions may be due to primarily genetic causes. The critical characteristic of couples experiencing such fetal losses is the sharing of HLA antigens between husband and wife. The hypothesis developed here states that the sharing of HLA antigens indicates the sharing of recessive lethal genes linked to the major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) and that the sharing of the antigens per se is not significant. These recessive lethal genes could act alone to cause fetal death, or they could act epistatically with lethal genes on other chromosomes. Several models of such genetic mechanisms and the observations from studies in experimental animals and from studies in humans to support these models are presented.
当排除所有已知的胎儿丢失原因后，仍有一小部分女性（0.5 - 1.0%）反复出现病因不明的胎儿丢失。这些反复自然流产中有很大一部分可能主要是由遗传原因导致的。经历此类胎儿丢失的夫妇的关键特征是夫妻之间存在人类白细胞抗原（HLA）抗原共享。此处提出的假说是，HLA抗原共享表明与主要组织相容性抗原（MHC）相关的隐性致死基因的共享，而抗原本身的共享并不重要。这些隐性致死基因可能单独作用导致胎儿死亡，或者它们可能与其他染色体上的致死基因发生上位作用。本文介绍了几种此类遗传机制模型以及来自实验动物研究和人类研究的支持这些模型的观察结果。
