Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Swat College of Nursing, Swat, Pakistan.
Nurs Philos. 2021 Apr;22(2):e12342. doi: 10.1111/nup.12342. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
Over the years, nursing research and practice have been through remarkable transformations in response to evolving and emerging healthcare systems and practices. Regarding research, nurses moved beyond merely using the quantitative methodology to combining qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. In practice, nurses have transitioned from the delivery of medical-based care to nursing theory-guided practice, evidence-based practice, knowledge translation and transformative practice. Some domains of nursing research and practice became progressive, while others degenerated. This paper aims to examine how different domains of nursing research and practice progress and degenerate using Imre Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs. Lakatos differentiated scientific and pseudoscientific knowledge and coined the idea of scientific research programs. He believed that science in any discipline develops so that some programs are more progressive and others' degenerative. The degeneration and progression of programs occur steadily and rationally and are determined based on the extent of development and programs' potential to predict new solutions to old problems. Adopting this idea could enable nurses to critically analyse research programs in everyday knowledge development to use valid and legitimate programs for informing nursing practice.
多年来，护理研究和实践已经发生了显著的转变，以应对不断发展和新兴的医疗保健系统和实践。在研究方面，护士们不仅采用了定量方法，还结合了定性、定量和混合方法。在实践中，护士们已经从提供基于医学的护理转变为以护理理论为指导的实践、循证实践、知识转化和变革性实践。护理研究和实践的一些领域已经取得了进展，而另一些则在退化。本文旨在使用伊姆雷·拉卡托斯的科学研究纲领方法论来研究护理研究和实践的不同领域是如何取得进展和退化的。拉卡托斯区分了科学和伪科学知识，并提出了科学研究纲领的概念。他认为，任何学科的科学发展都是如此，以至于一些纲领更具进步性，而另一些则更具退化性。纲领的退化和进步是稳定而理性的，是根据发展的程度和纲领预测旧问题新解决方案的能力来决定的。采用这种思想可以使护士能够批判性地分析日常知识发展中的研究纲领，以便为护理实践提供有效和合法的纲领。
