School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX29 4JP, UK.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2021 Feb;66:156-162. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.026. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
Transcription factors are among the classes of proteins with the highest levels of disorder. Investigation of these regulatory proteins is uncovering not just the mechanisms that underlie gene regulation, but relationships that apply to all intrinsically disordered proteins. Recent studies confirm that binding does not necessarily induce folding but that when it does, it tends to follow induced fit mechanisms. Other work emphasises the importance of electrostatics to interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins, and roles of intrinsic disorder in phase transitions. All these features help direct transcription factors to target sites in the genome to upregulate or downregulate transcription.
转录因子是具有最高无序水平的蛋白质类别之一。对这些调节蛋白的研究不仅揭示了基因调控的机制，还揭示了适用于所有固有无序蛋白的关系。最近的研究证实，结合不一定诱导折叠，但当它发生时，它往往遵循诱导契合机制。其他研究强调了静电相互作用在涉及固有无序蛋白的相互作用中的重要性，以及固有无序在相变中的作用。所有这些特征都有助于指导转录因子到达基因组中的靶位点，以上调或下调转录。
