Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Poult Sci. 2020 Dec;99(12):6764-6773. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.041. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Mineral nutrition plays a critical role in growth and bone mineralization in meat ducks as well as reproductive performance in duck layers and duck breeders. In addition to improving production performance parameters, minerals are also essential to support several enzymatic systems to enhancing antioxidant ability and immune function. This review explores the biological function and metabolism of minerals in the body, as well as mineral feeding strategy of various species of ducks. Topics range from mineral requirement to the physiological role of macroelements such as calcium and phosphorus and microelements such as zinc and selenium, etc. As with the improvement of genetic evolution and upgrade of rearing system in duck production, mineral requirements and electrolyte balance are urgent to be re-evaluated using sensitive biomarkers for the modern duck breed characterized by the rapid growth rate and inadequate bone development and mineralization. For duck breeders, mineral nutrition is not only required for maximal egg production performance but also for maintaining normal embryonic development and offspring's performance. Therefore, the proper amounts of bioavailable minerals need to be supplemented to maintain the mineral nutritional state of duck species during all phases of life. In addition, more positive effects of high doses microelements supplementations have been revealed for modern meat ducks subjected to various stresses in commercial production. The nutritional factors of mineral sources, supplemental enzymes, and antinutritional factors from unconventional ingredients should be emphasized to improve the effectiveness of mineral nutrition in duck feed formulation. Organic mineral sources and phytase enzymes have been adopted to reduce the antagonistic action between mineral and antinutritional factors. Therefore, special and accurate database of mineral requirements should be established for special genotypes of ducks under different rearing conditions, including rearing factors, environmental stresses and diets supplemented with organic sources, phytase and VD.
矿物质营养对肉鸭的生长和骨骼矿化以及蛋鸭和种鸭的繁殖性能起着至关重要的作用。除了提高生产性能参数外，矿物质对于支持多种酶系统、增强抗氧化能力和免疫功能也是必不可少的。本综述探讨了矿物质在体内的生物学功能和代谢，以及各种鸭种的矿物质饲养策略。从矿物质需求到钙、磷等常量元素和锌、硒等微量元素的生理作用，涵盖了各种主题。随着鸭生产中遗传进化的提高和饲养系统的升级，矿物质需求和电解质平衡迫切需要使用快速生长和骨骼发育不良和矿化不足的现代鸭品种的敏感生物标志物进行重新评估。对于种鸭来说，矿物质营养不仅是获得最大产蛋性能所必需的，而且对于维持正常的胚胎发育和后代的性能也是必需的。因此，需要补充适量的生物可利用矿物质，以维持鸭在生命各个阶段的矿物质营养状态。此外，对于商业生产中受到各种应激的现代肉鸭，高剂量微量元素补充剂已显示出更多的积极效果。应该强调非常规原料的矿物质来源、补充酶和抗营养因子的营养因素，以提高鸭饲料配方中矿物质营养的有效性。有机矿物质来源和植酸酶已被采用，以减少矿物质和抗营养因子之间的拮抗作用。因此，应该为不同饲养条件下的特殊基因型鸭建立特殊和准确的矿物质需求数据库，包括饲养因素、环境应激和补充有机来源、植酸酶和 VD 的日粮。
