Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
Cell Signal. 2021 Feb;78:109849. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109849. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important immune modulator responsible for physiological cellular responses like lymphocyte development and function, positioning and emigration of T and B cells and cytokine secretion. Recent reports indicate that S1P does not only regulate immunity, but can also protect the function of organs by inducing disease tolerance. S1P also influences the replication of certain pathogens, and sphingolipids are also involved in pathogen recognition and killing. Certain carrier molecules for S1P like serum albumin and high density lipoproteins contribute to the regulation of S1P effects. They are able to associate with S1P and modulate its signaling properties. Similar to S1P, both carrier molecules are also decreased in sepsis patients and likely contribute to sepsis pathology and severity. In this review, we will introduce the concept of disease tolerance and the involvement of S1P. We will also discuss the contribution of S1P and its precursor sphingosine to host defense mechanisms against pathogens. Finally, we will summarize current data demonstrating the influence of carrier molecules for differential S1P signaling. The presented data may lead to new strategies for the prevention and containment of sepsis.
鞘氨醇 1-磷酸（S1P）是一种重要的免疫调节剂，负责调节淋巴细胞的发育和功能、T 细胞和 B 细胞的定位和迁移以及细胞因子的分泌等生理细胞反应。最近的研究报告表明，S1P 不仅可以调节免疫，还可以通过诱导疾病耐受来保护器官功能。S1P 还影响某些病原体的复制，而鞘脂也参与病原体的识别和杀伤。S1P 的某些载体分子，如血清白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白，有助于调节 S1P 的作用。它们能够与 S1P 结合并调节其信号转导特性。与 S1P 类似，载体分子在脓毒症患者中也减少，可能导致脓毒症的病理和严重程度。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍疾病耐受的概念和 S1P 的参与。我们还将讨论 S1P 及其前体鞘氨醇在宿主防御机制对抗病原体中的作用。最后，我们将总结目前表明载体分子对 S1P 信号差异影响的相关数据。这些数据可能为预防和控制脓毒症提供新的策略。
