SARS-CoV-2 和其他呼吸道病毒的户外传播：系统评价。
Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Joint Medical Program, University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco, Berkeley, California, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
出版信息
J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 24;223(4):550-561. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa742.
BACKGROUND
While risk of outdoor transmission of respiratory viral infections is hypothesized to be low, there are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in outdoor compared to indoor settings.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed papers indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and preprints in Europe PMC through 12 August 2020 that described cases of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Reports of other respiratory virus transmission were included for reference.
RESULTS
Five identified studies found a low proportion of reported global SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred outdoors (<10%) and the odds of indoor transmission was very high compared to outdoors (18.7 times; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-57.9). Five studies described influenza transmission outdoors and 2 adenovirus transmission outdoors. There was high heterogeneity in study quality and individual definitions of outdoor settings, which limited our ability to draw conclusions about outdoor transmission risks. In general, factors such as duration and frequency of personal contact, lack of personal protective equipment, and occasional indoor gathering during a largely outdoor experience were associated with outdoor reports of infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing evidence supports the wide-held belief that risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is lower outdoors but there are significant gaps in our understanding of specific pathways.
背景
虽然呼吸道病毒感染的户外传播风险较低，但与室内环境相比，有关 SARS-CoV-2 在户外传播的数据有限。
方法
我们对 2020 年 8 月 12 日前在欧洲 PMC 的 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 中索引的同行评审论文和预印本进行了系统评价，这些论文描述了 SARS-CoV-2 人际传播的病例。还包括其他呼吸道病毒传播的报告作为参考。
结果
五项已确定的研究发现，全球报告的 SARS-CoV-2 感染病例中，发生在户外的比例较低（<10%），与户外相比，室内传播的几率非常高（18.7 倍；95%置信区间，6.0-57.9）。五项研究描述了流感在户外传播，2 项研究描述了腺病毒在户外传播。研究质量和户外环境的个体定义存在高度异质性，这限制了我们对户外传播风险得出结论的能力。一般来说，个人接触的持续时间和频率、缺乏个人防护设备以及在主要户外活动中偶尔进行室内聚集等因素与户外感染报告有关。
结论
现有证据支持人们广泛持有的信念，即 SARS-CoV-2 的传播风险较低，但我们对具体传播途径的理解仍存在很大差距。
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