Departments of Animal Sciences and Occupational Therapy, Temple Grandin Equine Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International, Denver, CO, USA.
J Altern Complement Med. 2021 Jan;27(1):88-95. doi: 10.1089/acm.2020.0415. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
To recommend (1) the adoption of optimal terminology for referring to services in the United States that incorporate horses and other equines to benefit people, and (2) the discontinuation of especially problematic terminology. A diverse multidisciplinary consortium of individuals, including representatives of relevant national organizations, participated in an inclusive, systematic, and comprehensive 2-year consensus-building process. Twelve specific types of services were identified that relate to one of three broad areas of professional work: therapy, learning, or horsemanship. Related to the area of therapy, five distinct types of therapies were identified: counseling, occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychotherapy, and speech-language pathology. Therapy-first language is recommended that foregrounds the exact therapy (e.g., ) and adds precise equine-related descriptors as warranted (e.g., ). Related to the area of learning, three distinct types of nontherapy services were identified. The recommended terminology for referring to these services is , , and . Related to the area of horsemanship, four distinct types of nontherapy services were identified. The recommended terminology for referring to these services is or , , and . The plural term, , is recommended as a concise shorthand for easily referencing multiple services that differ from each other, yet share the horse as a common thread. Terms recommended for discontinuation include and . The consensus-building process culminated in extensive but not unanimous endorsements of all terminology recommendations. Terminology recommended for adoption clearly describes and distinguishes 12 distinct types of services. Terminology recommended for discontinuation was found to be ambiguous, misleading, no longer useful, or to have adversely affected stakeholders. It is hoped that all recommendations will prove useful and serve to enhance the professionalism and viability of specific identified services. It is also hoped that improved precision and clarity in terminology for naming specific services will advance their future scientific development and reliable measurement of effectiveness. Not all terminology-related challenges were resolved, however, and new challenges will likely arise as services continue to evolve and diversify. Significant impacts, if any, of the terminology recommendations herein merit ongoing monitoring and the question of optimal terminology merits revisiting in the foreseeable future.
(1) 采用最佳术语来指代美国提供的包含马匹和其他牲畜以造福人类的服务；(2) 停止使用特别有问题的术语。 一个由多元化的多学科专业人员组成的联合体，包括相关国家组织的代表，参与了为期两年的包容性、系统性和全面的共识制定过程。 确定了 12 种与三个广泛专业工作领域之一相关的特定类型的服务：治疗、学习或马术。与治疗领域相关，确定了五种不同类型的治疗方法：咨询、职业治疗、物理治疗、心理治疗和言语-语言病理学。建议采用以治疗为中心的语言，突出准确的治疗方法（例如，），并根据需要添加精确的与马相关的描述词（例如，）。与学习领域相关，确定了三种不同类型的非治疗服务。推荐的术语是，和。与马术领域相关，确定了四种不同类型的非治疗服务。推荐的术语是，或，和。推荐使用复数术语，作为一个简洁的缩写，用于轻松引用彼此不同但以马为共同主线的多种服务。建议停止使用术语和。共识制定过程最终得到了广泛但并非一致的所有术语推荐的认可。 推荐采用的术语清楚地描述和区分了 12 种不同类型的服务。建议停止使用的术语被认为是模糊的、误导性的、不再有用的，或者对利益相关者产生了不利影响。希望所有建议都将被证明是有用的，并有助于提高特定服务的专业性和可行性。还希望术语的命名更加准确和清晰，以促进未来对特定服务的科学发展和有效性的可靠衡量。然而，并非所有与术语相关的挑战都得到了解决，随着服务的不断发展和多样化，新的挑战可能会出现。在此，建议的术语可能会产生重大影响（如果有的话），值得持续监测，术语的最佳选择也值得在可预见的未来重新考虑。
