Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, (Dr Geiger), Groundwater Science Division, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute (Dr Kelly), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois; Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (Mr Bressler and Drs Jacobs and Dorevitch) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Dr Awadalla), School of Public Health, and Institute for Environmental Science and Policy (Dr Dorevitch), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, Maryland (Dr Jacobs); Jackson County Health Department, Murphysboro, Illinois (Mr Hagston); Kane County Health Department, Aurora, Illinois (Ms Onwuta); and Peoria City/County Health Department, Peoria, Illinois (Ms Panier).
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2021;27(6):567-576. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001255.
Millions of US homes receive water from private wells, which are not required to be tested for lead (Pb). An approach to prioritizing high-risk homes for water lead level (WLL) testing may help focus outreach and screening efforts, while reducing the testing of homes at low risk.
To (1) characterize distribution of WLLs and corrosivity in tap water of homes with private residential wells, and (2) develop and evaluate a screening strategy for predicting Pb detection within a home.
Cross-sectional.
Three Illinois counties: Kane (northern), Peoria (central), and Jackson (southern).
151 private well users from 3 Illinois counties.
Water samples were analyzed for WLL and corrosivity.
(1) WLL and corrosivity, and (2) the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a strategy for prioritizing homes for WLL testing.
Pb was detected (>0.76 ppb) in tap water of 48.3% homes, and 3.3% exceeded 15 ppb, the US Environmental Protection Agency action level for community water systems. Compared with homes built in/after 1987 with relatively low corrosivity, older homes with more corrosive water were far more likely to contain measurable Pb (odds ratio = 11.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.47-35.31). The strategy for screening homes with private wells for WLL had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 42%, positive predictive value of 58%, and negative predictive value of 80%.
Pb in residential well water is widespread. The screening strategy for prioritizing homes with private wells for WLL testing is greater than 85% sensitive.
美国数以百万计的家庭从私人水井中获取用水，但这些水井并不需要进行铅（Pb）检测。为高风险家庭的饮用水铅含量（WLL）检测确定优先级的方法，有助于集中外联和筛查工作，同时减少低风险家庭的检测数量。
（1）描述拥有私人住宅水井的家庭自来水中 WLL 和腐蚀性的分布情况，（2）开发并评估一种用于预测家庭内 Pb 检测的筛选策略。
横断面研究。
伊利诺伊州的三个县：凯恩（北部）、皮奥里亚（中部）和杰克逊（南部）。
来自伊利诺伊州三个县的 151 名私人水井用户。
对水样进行 WLL 和腐蚀性分析。
（1）WLL 和腐蚀性，（2）一种用于为 WLL 检测确定优先级的家庭策略的敏感性、特异性和预测值。
48.3%的家庭自来水中检测到 Pb（>0.76 ppb），3.3%超过 15 ppb，这是美国环保署对社区供水系统的行动水平。与建于/之后 1987 年、腐蚀性相对较低的房屋相比，腐蚀性较大的旧房屋更有可能含有可测量的 Pb（比值比=11.07；95%置信区间，3.47-35.31）。用于筛选私人水井家庭 WLL 的筛选策略的敏感性为 88%，特异性为 42%，阳性预测值为 58%，阴性预测值为 80%。
住宅水井水中的 Pb 很普遍。用于为私人水井家庭的 WLL 检测确定优先级的筛选策略的敏感性超过 85%。
Zotero 插件