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年龄对听觉时程处理和高低水平语音感知的心理物理测量的影响。

Effects of age on psychophysical measures of auditory temporal processing and speech reception at low and high levels.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom.

Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Academic Health Science Centre, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Hear Res. 2021 Feb;400:108117. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108117. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2020.108117
PMID:33253994
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7812372/
Abstract

Age-related cochlear synaptopathy (CS) has been shown to occur in rodents with minimal noise exposure, and has been hypothesized to play a crucial role in age-related hearing declines in humans. It is not known to what extent age-related CS occurs in humans, and how it affects the coding of supra-threshold sounds and speech in noise. Because in rodents CS affects mainly low- and medium-spontaneous rate (L/M-SR) auditory-nerve fibers with rate-level functions covering medium-high levels, it should lead to greater deficits in the processing of sounds at high than at low stimulus levels. In this cross-sectional study the performance of 102 listeners across the age range (34 young, 34 middle-aged, 34 older) was assessed in a set of psychophysical temporal processing and speech reception in noise tests at both low, and high stimulus levels. Mixed-effect multiple regression models were used to estimate the effects of age while partialing out effects of audiometric thresholds, lifetime noise exposure, cognitive abilities (assessed with additional tests), and musical experience. Age was independently associated with performance deficits on several tests. However, only for one out of 13 tests were age effects credibly larger at the high compared to the low stimulus level. Overall these results do not provide much evidence that age-related CS, to the extent to which it may occur in humans according to the rodent model of greater L/M-SR synaptic loss, has substantial effects on psychophysical measures of auditory temporal processing or on speech reception in noise.

摘要

年龄相关性耳蜗突触病 (CS) 已在接受最小噪声暴露的啮齿动物中显示出来，据推测它在人类年龄相关性听力下降中起关键作用。目前尚不清楚 CS 在人类中发生的程度，以及它如何影响阈上声音和噪声中语音的编码。因为在啮齿动物中 CS 主要影响低和中自发率 (L/M-SR) 听觉神经纤维，其率-水平功能涵盖中-高水平，因此它应该导致在高刺激水平下声音处理的更大缺陷比在低刺激水平下。在这项横断面研究中，评估了年龄范围为 34 岁以下（34 岁以下、34 岁中年、34 岁以上）的 102 名听众在一系列心理物理时间处理和噪声中的语音接收测试中的表现在低和高刺激水平。混合效应多回归模型用于估计年龄的影响，同时部分考虑听力阈值、终身噪声暴露、认知能力（通过附加测试评估）和音乐经验的影响。年龄与多项测试的表现缺陷独立相关。然而，只有在 13 项测试中的一项中，高刺激水平的年龄效应明显大于低刺激水平。总的来说，这些结果并没有提供太多证据表明，根据啮齿动物模型中较大的 L/M-SR 突触丢失，年龄相关性 CS 对人类听觉时间处理的心理物理测量或噪声中的语音接收有实质性影响。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/cfc18076d386/gr1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/73d8f903d10e/gr2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/f78ccb777daa/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/df3e4c2037f6/gr4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/c556cf9b12ce/gr5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/f632a25c2ebc/gr6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/d6efac066b78/gr7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/c0cace47fae5/gr8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/914fffb2abe1/gr9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/48deffd61175/gr10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/25c559969f26/gr11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/da6c27fabb1d/gr12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/c7802ec7623a/gr13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/949b/7812372/7822886af1f2/gr14.jpg

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