Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 8;106(3):636-645. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa895.
Exposed surfaces of mammals are colonized with 100 trillion indigenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, creating a diverse ecosystem known as the human microbiome. The gut microbiome is the richest microbiome and is now known to regulate postnatal skeletal development and the activity of the major endocrine regulators of bone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the bone-regulating hormone that requires elements of the gut microbiome to exert both its bone catabolic and its bone anabolic effects. How the gut microbiome regulates the skeletal response to PTH is object of intense research. Involved mechanisms include absorption and diffusion of bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and trafficking of immune cells from the gut to the bone marrow. This review will focus on how the gut microbiome communicates and regulates bone marrow cells in order to modulate the skeletal effects of PTH.
哺乳动物暴露的表面被 1000 万亿种本土细菌、真菌和病毒定植,形成了一个被称为人类微生物组的多样化生态系统。肠道微生物组是最丰富的微生物组,现在已知它可以调节产后骨骼发育和骨骼主要内分泌调节剂的活性。甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 是一种调节骨骼的激素,它需要肠道微生物组的元素来发挥其骨分解和骨合成作用。肠道微生物组如何调节骨骼对 PTH 的反应是目前研究的热点。涉及的机制包括细菌代谢物(如短链脂肪酸)的吸收和扩散,以及免疫细胞从肠道到骨髓的运输。这篇综述将重点讨论肠道微生物组如何与骨髓细胞进行交流和调节,以调节 PTH 的骨骼作用。