Instituto Nacional da Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2020 Nov;42(11):752-758. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718449. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
To identify whether the effects of thyroid disease during pregnancy and lactation affect the nutritional composition of human milk.
Systematic review of the scientific literature using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/MedLine databases to evaluate the association of thyroid diseases during pregnancy and lactation with the nutritional composition of human milk. There was no delimitation by period or by language, and the searches were completed in March 2019. The following descriptors were applied: AND AND , using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol for data search, selection, and extraction. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 12 articles and, of these, four were selected.
The articles elected for this review were published between 1976 and 2018. Two studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of mothers' milk with hypothyroidism or overweight compared with the milk of those without hypothyroidism. Studies have shown that the presence of the disease led to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk, especially a higher concentration of human milk fat.
It is extremely important that these women have continuous nutritional follow-up to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk.
确定妊娠和哺乳期甲状腺疾病的影响是否会影响人乳的营养成分。
系统地回顾了使用医学文献分析和检索系统在线/MedLine 数据库评估妊娠和哺乳期甲状腺疾病与人乳营养成分之间关系的科学文献。没有对时期或语言进行限制，检索于 2019 年 3 月完成。使用首选报告项目进行系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）协议进行数据搜索、选择和提取。提出的书目搜索流程图导致 12 篇文章，其中 4 篇被选中。
这篇综述中选择的文章发表于 1976 年至 2018 年之间。两项研究发现，与无甲状腺功能减退症的母亲相比，甲状腺功能减退症或超重母亲的人乳营养成分存在显著差异。研究表明，疾病的存在导致人乳营养成分发生变化，尤其是人乳脂肪的浓度更高。
这些女性需要持续的营养随访，以尽量减少这些疾病对人乳营养成分的影响，这一点非常重要。
