Self-Selection of Agricultural By-Products and Food Ingredients by (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Impact on Food Utilization and Nutrient Intake.

Nutrient self-selection was used to determine optimal intake ratios of macro-nutrients by L. larvae. Self-selection experiments consisted of 9 combinations (treatments) of 8 ingredients, from a total of 20 choices, radially distributed in a multiple-choice arena presented to groups of 100 larvae (12th-13th instar). Larvae freely selected and feed on the pelletized ingredients for a period of 21 days at 27 °C, 75% RH, and dark conditions. Consumption (g) of each ingredient, larval live weight gained (mg), and frass production were recorded and used to calculate food assimilation and efficiency of conversion of ingested food. The macro-nutrient intake ratios were 0.06 ± 0.03, 0.23 ± 0.01, and 0.71 ± 0.03 for lipid, protein, and carbohydrate, respectively on the best performing treatments. The intake of neutral detergent fiber negatively impacted food assimilation, food conversion and biomass gain. Food assimilation, food conversion, and biomass gain were significantly impacted by the intake of carbohydrate in a positive way. Cabbage, potato, wheat bran, rice bran (whole and defatted), corn dry distillers' grain, spent brewery dry grain, canola meal and sunflower meal were considered suitable as diets ingredients based on their relative consumption percentages (over 10%) within treatment.