Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium; OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium; OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
Gynecol Oncol. 2021 Feb;160(2):633-642. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.018. Epub 2020 Nov 27.
Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage and is associated with a high mortality rate. It is assumed that early detection of ovarian cancer could improve patient outcomes. Unfortunately, effective screening methods for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer are still lacking. Extracellular RNAs circulating in human biofluids can reliably be measured and are emerging as potential biomarkers in cancer. In this systematic review, we present 75 RNA biomarkers detectable in human biofluids that have been studied for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The majority of these markers are microRNAs identified using RT-qPCR or microarrays in blood-based fluids. A handful of studies used RNA-sequencing and explored alternative fluids, such as urine and ascites. Candidate RNA biomarkers that were more abundant in biofluids of ovarian cancer patients compared to controls in at least two independent studies include miR-21, the miR-200 family, miR-205, miR-10a and miR-346. Amongst the markers confirmed to be lower in at least two studies are miR-122, miR-193a, miR-223, miR-126 and miR-106b. While these biomarkers show promising diagnostic potential, further validation is required before implementation in routine clinical care. Challenges related to biomarker validation and reflections on future perspectives to accelerate progress in this field are discussed.
卵巢癌通常在晚期诊断，死亡率较高。据推测，早期发现卵巢癌可以改善患者的预后。不幸的是，仍然缺乏用于早期诊断卵巢癌的有效筛查方法。人类生物体液中循环的细胞外 RNA 可以可靠地测量，并作为癌症的潜在生物标志物出现。在这个系统评价中，我们介绍了 75 种可在人类生物体液中检测到的 RNA 生物标志物，这些标志物已被用于早期诊断卵巢癌。这些标记物中的大多数是使用 RT-qPCR 或微阵列在基于血液的液体中鉴定的 microRNAs。少数研究使用 RNA 测序并探索了替代液体，如尿液和腹水。与对照组相比，在至少两项独立研究中，在卵巢癌患者的生物体液中更丰富的候选 RNA 生物标志物包括 miR-21、miR-200 家族、miR-205、miR-10a 和 miR-346。在至少两项研究中被证实较低的标志物包括 miR-122、miR-193a、miR-223、miR-126 和 miR-106b。虽然这些生物标志物显示出有希望的诊断潜力，但在常规临床护理中实施之前还需要进一步验证。讨论了与生物标志物验证相关的挑战，并对未来展望进行了反思，以加速该领域的进展。
