Suri Chahat, Swarnkar Shashikant, Bhaskar Lvks, Verma Henu Kumar
Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, C.C.M. Medical College, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India.
Noncoding RNA. 2024 Sep 30;10(5):50. doi: 10.3390/ncrna10050050.
Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally, with high mortality rates largely due to late-stage diagnosis, aggressive progression, and frequent recurrence. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions, the overall prognosis for lung cancer patients continues to be dismal.
Emerging research has identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, as critical regulators of gene expression, significantly influencing cancer biology. These ncRNAs play pivotal roles in various aspects of lung cancer pathogenesis, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy.
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of ncRNAs in lung cancer, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication, and the prediction of the therapeutic response. We explore the biological functions of ncRNAs, their involvement in key oncogenic pathways, and the molecular mechanisms by which they modulate gene expression and cellular processes in lung cancer. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advances in ncRNA-based diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies, such as miRNA mimics and inhibitors, lncRNA-targeted therapies, and circRNA-modulating approaches, offering promising avenues for personalized medicine.
Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in ncRNA research, including the need for large-scale validation studies and the development of efficient delivery systems for ncRNA-based therapies. This review underscores the potential of ncRNAs to revolutionize lung cancer management by providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic options that could improve patient outcomes.
肺癌仍然是全球最常见和致命的癌症之一，死亡率高主要归因于晚期诊断、侵袭性进展和频繁复发。尽管诊断技术和治疗干预有所进步，但肺癌患者的总体预后仍然不佳。
新兴研究已确定非编码RNA（ncRNA），包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA，是基因表达的关键调节因子，对癌症生物学有重大影响。这些ncRNA在肺癌发病机制的各个方面发挥关键作用，包括肿瘤起始、进展、转移和对治疗的抗性。
我们对目前对肺癌中ncRNA的认识进行了全面分析，强调它们作为早期诊断、预后评估和治疗反应预测生物标志物的潜力。我们探讨了ncRNA的生物学功能、它们在关键致癌途径中的作用以及它们在肺癌中调节基因表达和细胞过程的分子机制。此外，本综述突出了基于ncRNA的诊断工具和治疗策略的最新进展，如miRNA模拟物和抑制剂、lncRNA靶向治疗以及circRNA调节方法，为个性化医疗提供了有前景的途径。
最后，我们讨论了ncRNA研究中的挑战和未来方向，包括大规模验证研究的必要性以及基于ncRNA治疗的高效递送系统的开发。本综述强调了ncRNA通过提供可改善患者预后的新型诊断和治疗选择来彻底改变肺癌管理的潜力。
