Israeli Alon, Ben-Herzel Ori, Burko Yogev, Shwartz Ido, Ben-Gera Hadas, Harpaz-Saad Smadar, Bar Maya, Efroni Idan, Ori Naomi
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
New Phytol. 2021 Mar;229(6):3558-3572. doi: 10.1111/nph.17124. Epub 2021 Jan 1.
The variability in leaf form in nature is immense. Leaf patterning occurs by differential growth, taking place during a limited window of morphogenetic activity at the leaf marginal meristem. While many regulators have been implicated in the designation of the morphogenetic window and in leaf patterning, how these effectors interact to generate a particular form is still not well understood. We investigated the interaction among different effectors of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) compound-leaf development, using genetic and molecular analyses. Mutations in the tomato auxin response factor SlARF5/SlMP, which normally promotes leaflet formation, suppressed the increased leaf complexity of mutants with extended morphogenetic window. Impaired activity of the NAC/CUC transcription factor GOBLET (GOB), which specifies leaflet boundaries, also reduced leaf complexity in these backgrounds. Analysis of genetic interactions showed that the patterning factors SlMP, GOB and the MYB transcription factor LYRATE (LYR) coordinately regulate leaf patterning by modulating in parallel different aspects of leaflet formation and shaping. This work places an array of developmental regulators in a morphogenetic context. It reveals how organ-level differentiation rate and local growth are coordinated to sculpture an organ. These concepts are applicable to the coordination of pattering and differentiation in other species and developmental processes.
自然界中叶形的变异性是巨大的。叶片图案形成是通过差异生长实现的，这种差异生长发生在叶片边缘分生组织形态发生活动的有限窗口期内。虽然许多调控因子与形态发生窗口的指定以及叶片图案形成有关，但这些效应因子如何相互作用以产生特定的形态仍未得到很好的理解。我们利用遗传和分子分析方法，研究了番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）复叶发育中不同效应因子之间的相互作用。番茄生长素响应因子SlARF5/SlMP通常促进小叶形成，该因子发生突变后，抑制了形态发生窗口延长的突变体叶片复杂性的增加。决定小叶边界的NAC/CUC转录因子GOBLET（GOB）活性受损，在这些背景下也降低了叶片的复杂性。遗传相互作用分析表明，图案形成因子SlMP、GOB和MYB转录因子LYRATE（LYR）通过并行调节小叶形成和塑造的不同方面，协同调控叶片图案形成。这项工作将一系列发育调控因子置于形态发生的背景中。它揭示了器官水平的分化速率和局部生长是如何协调以塑造一个器官的。这些概念适用于其他物种和发育过程中图案形成与分化的协调。
