Ke Liang-Yin, Law Shi Hui, Mishra Vineet Kumar, Parveen Farzana, Chan Hua-Chen, Lu Ye-Hsu, Chu Chih-Sheng
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan.
Biomedicines. 2020 Nov 29;8(12):550. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8120550.
Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism increases plasma levels of lipoproteins and triglycerides, resulting in vascular endothelial damage. Remarkably, the oxidation of lipid and lipoprotein particles generates electronegative lipoproteins that mediate cellular deterioration of atherosclerosis. In this review, we examined the core of atherosclerotic plaque, which is enriched by byproducts of lipid metabolism and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and electronegative subfraction of LDL (LDL(-)). We also summarized the chemical properties, receptors, and molecular mechanisms of LDL(-). In combination with other well-known markers of inflammation, namely metabolic diseases, we concluded that LDL(-) can be used as a novel prognostic tool for these lipid disorders. In addition, through understanding the underlying pathophysiological molecular routes for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, we may reassess current therapeutics and might gain a new direction to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly targeting LDL(-) clearance.
葡萄糖和脂质代谢失调会增加血浆脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平，导致血管内皮损伤。值得注意的是，脂质和脂蛋白颗粒的氧化会产生负电性脂蛋白，介导动脉粥样硬化的细胞恶化。在本综述中，我们研究了动脉粥样硬化斑块的核心，其富含脂质代谢和脂蛋白的副产物，如氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）和低密度脂蛋白的负电亚组分（LDL(-)）。我们还总结了LDL(-)的化学性质、受体和分子机制。结合其他众所周知的炎症标志物，即代谢性疾病，我们得出结论，LDL(-)可作为这些脂质紊乱的一种新型预后工具。此外，通过了解内皮功能障碍和炎症的潜在病理生理分子途径，我们可以重新评估当前的治疗方法，并可能获得治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的新方向，主要针对LDL(-)的清除。
