Morad Tzachy, Hendler Roni Mina, Canji Eyal, Weiss Orly Eva, Sion Guy, Minnes Refael, Polaq Ania Hava Grushchenko, Merfeld Ido, Dubinsky Zvy, Nesher Elimelech, Baranes Danny
Department of molecular biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel.
School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Nov 29;12(12):2850. doi: 10.3390/polym12122850.
Biomaterials, especially when coated with adhesive polymers, are a key tool for restorative medicine, being biocompatible and supportive for cell adherence, growth, and function. Aragonite skeletons of corals are biomaterials that support survival and growth of a range of cell types, including neurons and glia. However, it is not known if this scaffold affects neural cell migration or elongation of neuronal and astrocytic processes, prerequisites for initiating repair of damage in the nervous system. To address this, hippocampal cells were aggregated into neurospheres and cultivated on aragonite skeleton of the coral (Coral Skeleton (CS)), on naturally occurring aragonite (Geological Aragonite (GA)), and on glass, all pre-coated with the oligomer poly-D-lysine (PDL). The two aragonite matrices promoted equally strong cell migration (4.8 and 4.3-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and axonal sprouting (1.96 and 1.95-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). However, CS-PDL had a stronger effect than GA-PDL on the promotion of astrocytic processes elongation (1.7 vs. 1.2-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (3.8 vs. and 1.8-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). These differences are likely to emerge from a reaction of astrocytes to the degree of roughness of the surface of the scaffold, which is higher on CS than on GA. Hence, CS-PDL and GA-PDL are scaffolds of strong capacity to derive neural cell movements and growth required for regeneration, while controlling the extent of astrocytic involvement. As such, implants of PDL-aragonites have significant potential as tools for damage repair and the reduction of scar formation in the brain following trauma or disease.
生物材料，尤其是涂覆有粘性聚合物时，是再生医学的关键工具，具有生物相容性且能支持细胞粘附、生长和功能。珊瑚的文石骨架是一种生物材料，可支持包括神经元和神经胶质细胞在内的多种细胞类型的存活和生长。然而，尚不清楚这种支架是否会影响神经细胞迁移或神经元及星形胶质细胞突起的伸长，而这是启动神经系统损伤修复的先决条件。为了解决这个问题，将海马细胞聚集成神经球，并在预先涂覆有低聚物聚-D-赖氨酸（PDL）的珊瑚文石骨架（珊瑚骨架（CS））、天然存在的文石（地质文石（GA））和玻璃上进行培养。两种文石基质促进细胞迁移的能力相当（分别比玻璃-PDL高4.8倍和4.3倍），促进轴突发芽的能力也相当（分别比玻璃-PDL高1.96倍和1.95倍）。然而，CS-PDL在促进星形胶质细胞突起伸长方面比GA-PDL的作用更强（分别比玻璃-PDL高1.7倍和1.2倍），在促进胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达方面也更强（分别比玻璃-PDL高3.8倍和1.8倍）。这些差异可能源于星形胶质细胞对支架表面粗糙度的反应，CS表面的粗糙度高于GA。因此，CS-PDL和GA-PDL是具有强大能力的支架，能够引发再生所需的神经细胞运动和生长，同时控制星形胶质细胞的参与程度。因此，PDL-文石植入物作为创伤或疾病后脑损伤修复和减少瘢痕形成的工具具有巨大潜力。
